GOST R 53323-2009
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FLAME ARRESTORS AND SPARK EXTINGUISHERS
Are common technical requirements. Test Methods
Flame arrestors and spark arrestors. general technical requirements. Test methods
OKS 13.220.20
Introduction date 2010-01-01
with the right of early application*
______________________
* See label "Notes"
Foreword
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense" of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"
3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated February 18, 2009 N 99-st
4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
5 REVISION. July 2019
The rules for the application of this standard are set out in Article 26 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 N 162-FZ "On standardization in the Russian Federation" . Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)
1 area of use
1.1 This standard applies to dry-type flame arresters and spark arresters and establishes general technical requirements for these devices, as well as test methods.
1.2 This standard does not apply to:
- on liquid safety locks;
- flame arresters installed on process equipment, which is associated with the circulation of combustible substances prone to explosive decomposition without an oxidizing agent.
1.3 This standard should be used in the design and manufacture of flame arresters and spark arresters, as well as in certification tests in the field of fire safety and other types of tests established by the current standards and regulatory and technical documentation.
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST 2.114 Unified system for design documentation. Specifications
GOST 12.2.047 System of labor safety standards. fire fighting equipment. Terms and Definitions
GOST 15.001 * System for the development and production of products. Products for industrial purposes
________________
* Lost power. GOST R 15.301-2000 is valid.
Probably a mistake in the original. Should read: GOST R 15.201-2000. - Database manufacturer's note.
GOST 2991 Non-separable plank boxes for loads weighing up to 500 kg. General specifications
GOST 8273 Wrapping paper. Specifications
GOST 14192 Cargo marking
GOST 14249 Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods for calculating strength
GOST 15150 Machinery, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of climatic environmental factors
GOST 18321 Statistical quality control. Method of random selection of samples of piece products
GOST 19729 Ground talc for the production of rubber products and plastics. Specifications
GOST 23170 Packaging for engineering products. General requirements
GOST R 8.585 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Thermocouples. Rated static conversion characteristics
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If an undated referenced reference standard has been replaced, it is recommended that the current version of that standard be used, taking into account any changes made to that version. If the reference standard to which the dated reference is given is replaced, then it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the year of approval (acceptance) indicated above. If, after the adoption of this standard, a change is made to the referenced standard to which a dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is given, then this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:
3.1 dry type flame arrester: A device installed on a fire-hazardous process apparatus or pipeline that freely passes the flow of a gas-vapor-air mixture or liquid through a flame-extinguishing element and contributes to the localization of the flame.
3.2 dry type spark arrestor: A device installed on the exhaust manifolds of various vehicles, power units and providing the capture and extinguishing of sparks in combustion products generated during the operation of furnaces and internal combustion engines.
3.3 operability retention time when exposed to flame: The time during which the flame arrester (spark arrester) is able to remain operational when heated by a stabilized flame on the flame arrester during combustion of the gas-vapor-air mixture passing through the flame arrester (spark arrester).
3.4 flame arrester element: A design element of a fire arrester, the direct purpose of which is to prevent the spread of flame.
3.5 fire arrester body: A design element of a flame arrester that provides placement of a flame arrester and mechanical interface with external devices.
3.6 critical diameter of the flame arrester: The minimum diameter of the flame-extinguishing element channel through which the flame of a stationary vapor-gas mixture can propagate.
3.7 safe diameter of the flame-extinguishing element channel: Structural diameter of the flame-extinguishing element channel, selected taking into account the safety factor.
4 Classification of flame arresters and spark arresters
Flame arresters are classified according to the following criteria: type of flame arresting element, installation location, time to maintain performance when exposed to flame.
4.1 According to the type of flame arrester, flame arresters are divided into:
- mesh;
- cassette;
- with a flame-extinguishing element made of granular material;
- with flame-extinguishing element made of porous material.
4.2 At the place of installation, flame arresters are divided into:
- reservoir or terminal (the length of the pipeline intended for communication with the atmosphere does not exceed three of its internal diameters);
- communication (built-in).
4.3 According to the time of maintaining performance when exposed to flame, flame arresters are divided into two classes:
- I class - time not less than 1 hour;
- II class - time less than 1 hour.
4.4 Spark arresters are classified according to the method of extinguishing sparks and are divided into:
- dynamic (exhaust gases are cleared of sparks under the action of gravity and inertia);
- filtration (exhaust gases are cleaned by filtration through porous partitions).
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Flame arresters and spark arresters must comply with the requirements of this standard, GOST 12.2.047, GOST 14249, GOST 15150, as well as other regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner.
5.2 The body of the flame arrester (spark arrester) and the flame arrester must be free of dents, scratches and defects in the anti-corrosion coating.
5.3 Weight and size characteristics of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must correspond to the values specified in the technical documentation.
5.4 The technical documentation for the flame arrester (spark arrester) must indicate the types of combustible mixture to protect which the product is intended, and the conditions of use (pressure, temperature).
The structural elements of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must withstand the force loads arising from the spread of flame, with the pressure for which the product is designed.
5.5 The flame arrester (spark arrester) must be operational during the entire period of operation in the temperature range given in the technical documentation.
5.6 Design of a flame arrester (spark arrester) designed for operation at negative temperatures environment, must exclude the possibility of freezing of water (moisture) in the channels of the flame arrester.
5.7 The design of the flame arrester should ensure the possibility of its periodic cleaning if the device is intended for operation in the presence of mechanical impurities or vapors of liquids in the gas stream or liquid that are prone to crystallization or polymerization.
5.8 The body of the flame arrester (spark arrester), as well as detachable and non-detachable connections, must ensure tightness (should not let flame, sparks and combustion products through) not lower than the tightness of the protected device.
5.9 The size of the slotted gaps between the wall of the flame arrester (spark arrester) body and the flame arrester must not exceed the safe diameter of the channel.
5.10 Flame arresters (spark arresters) must be resistant to external and internal corrosive effects of the environments for which they are intended.
5.11 The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should provide for the possibility of internal inspection, replacement of the flame arrester, ease of installation.
5.12 Structural elements of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should not be deformed during the localization of flame combustion for a time equal to the time of maintaining operability when exposed to flame.
5.13 When used in flame arresters (spark arresters) as a flame arresting element of granular material, the granules must have a spherical shape or a shape close to it.
The granules must be made of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.
5.14 The diameter of the flame arrester element of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should not exceed 50% of its critical diameter.
5.15 The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must ensure its reliable fixed mounting on the process equipment or the exhaust manifold, taking into account vibration loads acting during the entire period of operation.
5.16 The following technical documentation must be attached to the produced flame arrester (spark arrester):
- technical certificate on the product;
- manual.
5.17 The maximum surface temperature of the spark arrester housing placed in a combustible environment (combustible gases, vapors, aerosols, dust) must be at least 20% lower than the auto-ignition temperature of the specified combustible substances.
5.18 The operating time of the communication flame arrester when exposed to flame must comply with the requirements specified in the technical documentation for the product, but not less than 10 minutes.
5.19 The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should provide for the possibility of sealing detachable connections (except for fasteners) in order to control its integrity.
5.20 The flame arrester (spark arrester) must remain operational:
- under vibration impacts arising during operation. The limits of their change must be established by the manufacturer and indicated in the technical documentation for the product;
- within the operating and storage temperature ranges, which must be set by the manufacturer and specified in the technical documentation for the product.
5.21 The flame arrester (spark arrester) must be replaced if the flame arrester element is damaged, as well as if cracks or dents appear on the body.
5.22 The performance of the flame arrester (flame arrester) every 2 years of operation must be confirmed by tests on the ability of the flame arrester to localize the flame.
6 Labeling of flame arresters and spark arresters
Flame arresters and spark arresters must be marked in Russian and contain the following data:
- functional purpose (type of flame arrester, recommended installation location and product class);
- types of combustible mixtures for the protection of which the product is intended;
- diameter of the conditional passage of the outlet;
- temperature regime operation;
- operating pressure;
- the time of preservation of health when exposed to flame;
- weight;
- date of manufacture;
- trademark or name of the manufacturer;
- TU number.
7 Acceptance rules
7.1 To control the compliance of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with the requirements of this standard, tests are carried out: acceptance, periodic, certification and type tests.
All tests, unless otherwise specified in this standard, must be carried out under normal climatic conditions established by GOST 15150.
7.2 Acceptance tests of flame arresters (spark arresters) are carried out in accordance with GOST 15.001 on samples of a pilot batch according to a program developed by the manufacturer and developer.
A lot is the number of products accompanied by one document.
7.3 Periodic tests are carried out in order to control product quality indicators and the possibility of continuing to release the product. Sampling for testing is carried out according to GOST 18321. 2% of the number of produced flame arresters (spark arresters) are subjected to periodic tests every month, but not less than four samples of each standard size.
7.4 Type tests are carried out when making structural or other changes (manufacturing technology, material, etc.) that can affect the main parameters that ensure the performance of the flame arrester (spark arrester). The test program is planned depending on the nature of the changes and is agreed with the developer.
For type tests, at least five samples of flame arresters (spark arresters) of each type are selected.
7.5 Certification tests are carried out in order to establish the compliance of the characteristics of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with this standard, as well as to issue a fire safety certificate. For certification tests, three samples of flame arresters (spark arresters) of each type are selected.
7.6 The volume of acceptance, periodic and certification tests is given in Table 1.
Table 1 - Scope of tests for flame arresters and spark arresters
Indicators | Clauses of this standard containing | Test types |
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technical requirements | test methods | receiving- | period | certificate- |
|
The ability of a flame arrester to contain a flame and the ability of a spark arrestor to prevent ignition | |||||
The tightness of the body of the flame arrester (spark arrester) | |||||
Maximum surface temperature of the spark arrestor housing | |||||
Operability of a flame arrester (spark arrester) under vibration loads | |||||
The time of maintaining the efficiency of the flame arrester when exposed to flame | |||||
Equipment, appearance flame arrester (spark arrester), compliance of the product with design documentation | |||||
Weight and size characteristics of the product | |||||
7.7 If negative results are obtained for any type of test, the number of test specimens is doubled and the tests are repeated in full. Upon receipt of repeatedly negative results, further testing should be terminated until the causes are identified and the defects found are eliminated.
8 Test methods
8.1 All tests (unless otherwise specified) are carried out at an ambient temperature corresponding to the operating temperature range of the flame arrester.
8.2 Test equipment, benches and measuring instruments used when testing flame arresters (spark arresters) must have a passport and pass metrological control in the prescribed manner. Specified in the passport specifications equipment and stands must provide the test modes established by this standard.
8.3 Compliance of the parameters of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with the requirements of 5.2, 5.3 is checked by technical inspection and / or analysis of the technical documentation according to table 1 using an appropriate measuring tool. The accuracy class of the measuring tool is determined according to the technical documentation.
8.4 The mass of the flame arrester (spark arrester) and the mass of the flame arrester are determined on a scale with an error not exceeding 2%. To do this, first, a fully equipped flame arrester (spark arrester) is weighed, after which it is disassembled and the flame arrester element is weighed. If the product, in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation, is not subject to disassembly, then only the mass of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with a flame arrester is determined.
8.5 Tests to determine the ability of the flame arrester to localize the flame and the ability of the spark arrester to prevent ignition are carried out on an experimental stand. The schematic diagram of the experimental stand is shown in Figure 1.
For testing use:
a) a test stand consisting of two chambers (combustion and control). The stand equipment must withstand the pressure that occurs during the testing process.
The combustion chamber must also be provided with fittings to accommodate the pressure sensor and the ignition source.
The control chamber must also be provided with fittings for accommodating a pressure sensor and an ignition source. The capacity of the control chamber must exceed the capacity of the combustion chamber by at least 5 times;
b) a system of technical devices that ensures the production of a gas-vapor-air mixture according to the partial pressures of the components with an error of not more than 0.5% (vol.). The system should include the following equipment:
- mixing chamber;
- evaporator;
- container with flammable, combustible liquid or combustible gas;
- air compressor;
- pipelines with valves.
The partial pressure of the gas component is determined by the formula
where is the volume concentration of the th gas component, % (vol.);
- total pressure in the mixing chamber, kPa.
The mixing chamber must ensure that the combustion chamber and the control chamber are filled with the required gas-vapor-air mixture at the pressure and temperature values specified for testing;
1 - cylinder with combustible gas; 2 - compressor; 3 - gas console; 4 - mixer; 5 - spark plugs; 6 - reaction pipe; 7 - ignition unit; 8 - flame-extinguishing element of the flame arrester; 9 - control capacity; 10 - pressure sensor; 11 - vacuum pump
Figure 1 - Schematic diagram of the experimental stand
c) an ignition source that provides ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture;
d) a system for registering the ignition of a gas-vapor-air mixture.
The ability of a flame arrester to contain a flame and the ability of a spark arrestor to prevent ignition are determined using the types of combustible mixture for which they are intended to protect. It is allowed to carry out tests on model combustible mixtures, which, in terms of normal burning rate, are close to the indicated mixtures for which the product is intended.
The flame arrester (spark arrester) is installed and fixed on the stand in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation in such a way as to ensure the tightness of the tested product and fire chambers.
The control chamber and the combustion chamber of the test stand are filled with a gas-vapor-air mixture of a given concentration.
The devices for registering the ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture are started and the ignition source in the combustion chamber is switched on.
The criterion for the ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture in the control chamber is the increase in excess pressure in it by at least 2 times compared to the initial pressure.
In the absence of ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture in the control chamber, it is considered that the flame arrester (spark arrester) passed the test.
The test results are considered positive if in three consecutive tests no flashover of the flame (spark) through the flame arrester element or sparks through the filter element of the spark arrester is recorded.
8.6 If the flame arrester is designed to operate under atmospheric pressure, tests to determine the ability of a flame arrester to localize a flame and a spark arrester to prevent ignition are allowed to be carried out without a control combustion chamber. The process of flame (spark) breakthrough through the flame arrester element of the flame arrester is fixed visually, using as an indicator the ignition of gasoline poured into a pan, which is located directly at the outlet of the flame arrester (spark arrester) near the flame arrester.
8.7 Testing of the flame arrester (spark arrester) for tightness is carried out in accordance with the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels.
8.8. The maximum surface temperature of the spark arrester body is determined during tests on the exhaust manifolds of vehicles and power units on which spark arresters are installed, or equipment that simulates the operating conditions of furnaces and internal combustion engines, at the rated power of the power unit.
For testing use:
- thermoelectric converters of ТХА type according to GOST R 8.585 with a diameter not less than 0.5 mm and not more than 1.5 mm. Three electrical thermal converters are installed on each spark arrester: two at the inlet and outlet of the spark arrester; the third - in the central part of the spark arrester body;
Test procedure:
- the spark arrester is placed on the exhaust manifold of the power unit;
- turn on the power unit and bring it to the operating mode corresponding to the rated power;
- record the temperature readings of each thermoelectric converter for 1 hour with continuous operation of the power unit in the mode corresponding to the rated power.
Based on the measurement results, the maximum temperature value is determined from the readings of three thermoelectric transducers, which is taken as the maximum surface temperature of the spark arrester housing.
8.9 Tests for vibration strength of the flame arrester (spark arrester) are carried out on a vibration stand of the VEDS-200 (400) type or another type with similar characteristics.
Flame arresters (spark arresters) are attached to the movable platform of the vibration stand. The tests are carried out along each of the three coordinate axes with a frequency of at least 40 Hz and an amplitude of at least 1 mm, the duration of the test in each of the directions is at least 40 minutes.
After vibration impacts in all three axes, the ability of flame arresters to localize the flame and spark arresters to prevent ignition is determined in accordance with 8.5.
8.10 The time of maintaining the efficiency of the flame arrester when exposed to a flame is determined by the time interval during which the flame arrester retains the ability to localize the flame. The time to maintain performance when exposed to a flame is determined for flame arresters that have passed tests for the ability to localize the flame.
For testing use:
- test stand, described in 8.5. Two flame arresters are attached to the ends of the combustion chamber: one at the inlet, the other - test - at the outlet. A flame arrester located at the inlet prevents the flame from spreading from the combustion chamber to the mixer. A combustible mixture is supplied from the mixing chamber to the flame arrester located at the entrance to the control chamber. The mixing chamber must be of a flow type and ensure the combustion of the combustible mixture on the surface of the flame arrester element of the flame arrester attached at the outlet of the combustion chamber. The supply of a combustible mixture must be continuous and be 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal throughput of the product. The number of tests carried out at each of the specified feed rates is taken equal to 2;
- electrical thermal converters ТХА according to GOST R 8.585 with a diameter of at least 0.5 mm and not more than 1.5 mm. Two electric thermal converters are placed on the tested flame arrester installed at the outlet of the combustion chamber: at the inlet and outlet, directly in the central part near the flame arrester;
- secondary instruments for measuring temperature in the range from 0°С to 1300°С, having an accuracy class of 0.5.
Testing:
- a combustible mixture is supplied from the mixing chamber to the tested flame arrester (supply corresponds to 10% of the nominal throughput of the product) and it is ignited at the outlet section of the flame arrester;
- record the temperature readings of each electric thermal converter.
According to the results of measuring the readings of electrical thermal converters, a time interval is determined during which no flame propagation over the product is noted.
The criteria for the spread of flame through the flame arrester are:
The appearance of a flame at the outer surface of the flame arrester housing, as well as the formation of cracks, burnouts and other through holes not specified by the design documentation;
- the disappearance of the flame near the surface of the flame arrester, fixed visually and with the help of a signal from an electric thermal converter located at the outlet of the flame arrester;
- the occurrence of a flame at the entrance to the tested flame arrester, fixed by means of a signal from an electric thermal converter located at the entrance to the flame arrester.
The tests are repeated with a continuous supply of a combustible mixture at a flow rate of 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal throughput of the flame arrester, while determining the minimum time for the entire test cycle during which no flame propagation over the product is noted.
The maximum duration of the test shall not exceed 70 min.
9 Completeness
The package should include:
- flame arrester (spark arrester);
- operation manual, combined with the passport.
At the request of organizations involved in the maintenance of the flame arrester (spark arrester), the manufacturer must send a maintenance manual, a list of spare parts, tools and accessories that can be ordered from this company.
Note - Upon agreement with the customer, it is allowed to change the completeness of the flame arresters supplied to protect a particular object.
11.1 The design documentation for the flame arrester (spark arrester) must be drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents and corrected based on the test results with the assignment of the letter A in the prescribed manner.
11.2 Specifications for a flame arrester (spark arrester) must be developed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.114.
11.3 Each flame arrester must be provided with an instruction manual. The operating manual, combined with the passport, must contain information that allows the consumer to correctly install and use the flame arrester (spark arrester).
The operating manual should include the following sections:
- title page;
- purpose and main technical characteristics of the flame arrester;
- contents of delivery;
- device and principle of operation of the flame arrester (with the necessary graphic materials);
- instructions on safety measures when working with a flame arrester (spark arrester). Warning about possible harmful effects of the protected technological environment on the human body when using this flame arrester (spark arrester);
- the procedure for operating the flame arrester (spark arrester), which should specify the rules for installing the flame arrester (spark arrester) on the protected object, the frequency and scope of inspections, tests of the flame arrester (spark arrester), values and tolerances for changing parameters that are controlled during inspections;
- the procedure for transporting and storing a flame arrester (spark arrester);
- available certificates (numbers, issued by whom and for how long they are valid);
- certificate of acceptance and certificate of sale of the flame arrester (spark arrester);
- manufacturer's warranty obligations;
- forms of tables filled in when maintenance fire arrester (spark arrester).
UDC 614.845.92:006.354 | OKS 13.220.20 |
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Keywords: flame arresters and spark arresters, technical requirements, test methods |
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Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Moscow: Standartinform, 2019
Purpose
Flame arrester OP (AAN) is installed between the vertical tank and the safety or breathing valve. Flame arrester OP is designed to protect a vertical tank from the penetration of fire (flame or spark) into the gas space through breathing valves (vent pipes or safety valves), thereby protecting oil from a flash or explosion.
Specifications
TU 3689-014-10524112-2002 corresponds to:
- AOMZ TU 63-RSFSR68-75;
- NGM Group 3689-016-79167039-2006.
Device and principle of operation
The principle of operation of the flame arrester OP is based on the delay of the flame by a cassette placed inside the housing. The cassette consists of a stack of alternating corrugated and flat plates forming channels of small diameter. The flame, falling into the channels of a small section, is crushed into separate small streams. The contact surface of the flame with the flame arrester OP increases, the heat transfer to the walls of the channels increases, and the flame goes out. The design of the flame arrester OP is collapsible, which allows you to periodically remove the cassettes for inspection and control over their condition.
The basis of the design is a fire-barrier element 2, placed between two halves of the body 1, pulled together by four studs 3. The fire-barrier element consists of flat and corrugated tapes wound on an axis, which also prevents the element from falling out.
The extinguishing effect of the flame arrester OP, installed on the roof of the RVS tank, is based on the principles of intense heat exchange that occurs between the walls of the narrow channels of the flame arrester element and the gas-air flow passing through it. This achieves a decrease in the temperature of the gas-air flow to safe limits.
1 - body, consisting of two halves; 2 - fire blocking element; 3 - four connecting studs.
Specifications
| Parameter name | OP-50AAN* | OP-80AAN* | OP-100AAN | OP-150AAN | OP-200AAN | OP-250AAN | OP-300AAN | OP-350AAN | OP-500AAN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal diameter DN | 50 | 80 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 500 |
| Throughput at air flow resistance 118 Pa, m³/hour, no more | 100 | 150 | 200 | 215 | 380 | 600 | 700 | 900 | 2950 |
| Overall dimensions, mm, no more | |||||||||
| D n | 160 | 214 | 230 | 303 | 375 | 450 | 527 | 635 | 858 |
| H | 172 | 200 | 200 | 250 | 275 | 263 | 295 | 440 | 337 |
| Connecting dimensions, mm | |||||||||
| D | 141 | 184 | 205 | 260 | 315 | 370 | 440 | 485 | 640 |
| D1 | 110 | 150 | 170 | 225 | 280 | 335 | 395 | 445 | 600 |
| d | 14 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| n | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 16 |
| Weight, kg, no more | 3 | 5 | 6,1 | 10 | 16 | 20 | 30 | 45 | 70 |
* Products OP with a nominal bore DN 50 (DN 80) at the request of the customer can be manufactured for a tongue and groove flange connection. A groove is made in the flange(s) of the products. At the request of the customer, the product can be equipped with mating flanges in accordance with GOST 12815. Sealing gaskets are not supplied.
Dry flame arresters are protective devices on pipelines that freely pass the flow of gases through a solid flame retardant nozzle, but delay (extinguish) the flame. Their protective effect is based on the phenomenon of flame extinction in narrow channels.
The effect of extinguishing a flame in narrow channels has been known since 1815, when it was discovered by Humphrey Davy, the inventor of a safe mine lamp. Davy found that a methane-air mixture flame did not pass through a 3.63 mm diameter tube and that a metal tube was more efficient than a glass one. Later (in 1883), the French scientists Möllard and Le Chatelier established the independence of the extinguishing process from the material of the flame arrester.
Reducing the size (diameter) of the channel in which the combustion of the gas mixture occurs leads to an increase in specific heat loss compared to the heat release per volume of the burning mixture, a decrease in the combustion temperature in the reaction zone, a decrease in the reaction rate and a decrease in the flame propagation speed. When the heat loss from the combustion zone reaches a certain critical value, the combustion temperature and the reaction rate decrease so much that further propagation of the combustion of the mixture in the narrow channel becomes impossible. It is these conditions that are created in the flame arrester.
Flame arresters can be in the form of nets or nozzles (Fig. 8.1). Packings made of granular bodies (balls, rings, gravel, etc.) or fibers (glass wool, asbestos fibers, etc.) form curved channels. Nozzles in the form of corrugated foil plates, spirally rolled tapes, etc. form channels of a triangular, rectangular or other cross-sectional shape. Nozzles in the form of plates made of cermet and metal fibers have capillary channels.
The diameter of the nozzle channel or the opening of the flame arrester mesh, at which the heat release from the burning mixture will be equal to the heat loss, is called the critical diameter. d Kp . Protection against flame propagation is achieved in a channel whose diameter is less than the critical one.
Rice. 8.1. Fire arrester schemes: a- with horizontal grids; b- with vertical grids;
v- with a nozzle from gravel, balls, rings; G- with a tape cassette with straight corrugations; d- with a tape cassette with inclined corrugations; e- with ceramic-metal nozzle; / - frame; 2 - flame retardant element
This size (diameter) of the channel is called quenching d. The calculation of the flame arrester consists in determining the critical and then the extinguishing size of the channel. The ratio between the critical and quenching dimensions, as well as design features The flame arrester is chosen taking into account the relevant experimental data.
Various principles and methods for calculating flame arresters are known, based on various assumptions about the mechanism of heat loss from the flame zone and extinguishing the flame.
The method of Ya. B. Zel'dovich in domestic practice is generally accepted, but does not apply to special combustion conditions when there is no heat removal to the heated walls of the channel.
the essence of the protective action;
determination of the critical diameter of the channel;
schemes for the arrangement of flame arresters;
requirements for placement and operation.
features of their use on gas and liquid lines.
Dry flame arresters.
Dry flame arresters are used to protect pipelines without a liquid phase, in which a combustible concentration of vapors or gases with air can form during certain periods of operation, as well as to protect lines with substances that can decompose under pressure, temperature and other factors.
The essence of the protective action of dry flame arresters.
The essence of the protective effect of dry flame arresters is to extinguish the flame in narrow channels, which is due to an increase in the intensity of heat loss compared to heat release as a result of an increase in the specific surface of the flame front.
When the rate of heat loss compared to the rate of heat release reaches a critical value, the combustion temperature, and hence the rate of chemical reactions in the combustion zone, decreases so much that the propagation of combustion (flame front) through the combustible mixture in a narrow channel becomes impossible.
It is these conditions that are created in dry flame arresters.
The flame, propagating through the combustible mixture, enters the flame arrestor nozzle, which consists of a large number of narrow channels, where it breaks into many small flames that cannot propagate in narrow channels.
Schemes for the device of flame arresters .
To divide the live (flow) section of the protected pipeline into a family of narrow channels in fire arresters, various nozzles are used in the form of a bundle of tubes, meshes, granules, rings, fibers (metal, glass, asbestos) of metal ceramics, etc. Nozzles are located in the flame arrester housing.
To reduce the hydraulic resistance, the diameter of the flame arrester body has an increased size compared to the diameter of the pipeline to be protected.
For reliable connection of the flame arrester body with the pipeline, there are flanges on both sides of it, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the protected pipeline.
Schemes of the main types of flame arresters are shown in Figure 1.
Fig.1. Schemes of the main types of flame arresters
a - with horizontal grids; b - with vertical grids; v - with gravel; G - with corrugated and flat tapes spirally rolled together; d - with a metal nozzle.
1 - frame; 2 - flame extinguishing nozzle; 3 - lattice; 4 - support rings
Critical diameter of the flame arrester nozzle channel.
The diameter of the flame arrester nozzle channel, at which a thermal balance (equality) between heat release and heat loss is established in the combustion zone, is called the critical diameter d kr .
This diameter is determined by calculation. It depends on the properties of the combustible mixture, concentration, initial temperature and pressure. You can look at the calculation of the critical diameter in.
The actual (extinguishing) diameter of the flame arrester nozzle channel is taken less and, taking into account the safety factor, is 0.5-0.8 d kr .
You can get acquainted with other types of fire arrester designs.
Requirements for placement and operation.
So, dry flame arresters most often protect gas and steam lines, in which, according to the conditions of technology or in case of violation of the normal operating mode, combustible concentrations can form (breathing lines of tanks, measuring tanks, intermediate tanks, pressure tanks and similar devices with flammable liquids, as well as with combustible liquids heated to flash point or higher).
Dry flame arresters protect bleed lines and purge lines of recovery units; lines coming from devices and containers to the torch; gas piping lines for tanks with flammable liquids, etc.
Dry flame arresters also protect lines with the presence of substances that can decompose under the influence of pressure, temperature and other factors.
Liquid flame arresters (hydraulic locks).
The essence of the protective action.
Extinguishing the flame in hydraulic seals occurs at the moment of passage (bubbling) of the burning gas-vapor-air mixture through the barrier layer of the liquid as a result of its crushing into thin streams and individual bubbles, in which the flame front is dissected.
The total heat-releasing surface of the flame increases in this case.
As a result, just as in dry flame arresters, conditions are created in the reaction zone for the intensity of heat loss to exceed the intensity of heat release.
For steam-gas-air lines, water is used as a barrier liquid, and in liquid lines, a transported liquid is used.
To increase the efficiency of the fire extinguishing action of liquid flame arresters, the height of the liquid barrier layer at normal pressure is taken from 10 to 50 cm.
In addition, to reduce the size of bubbling bubbles of the combustible mixture, special slots are provided at the cut of the pipe immersed in the hydraulic seal liquid.
Scope of liquid flame arresters (hydraulic locks).
To protect liquid and gas pipeline lines, trays, industrial sewage, etc., in which, under operating conditions, there may be a danger of flame spread in kinetic and diffusion combustion modes, liquid flame arresters (hydraulic locks) are used.
Let's remember a little in which cases kinetic combustion occurs, in which diffusion.
When the flame spreads in the kinetic mode of combustion, the reaction proceeds with an explosion.
Slow flame propagation over the liquid surface is observed in the diffusion mode of combustion.
A schematic diagram of low-pressure hydraulic seals on the gas line is shown in fig. 2. :
1- body; 2- water; 3- water supply line; 4- supply pipe; 5- outlet pipe; 6 - line for removing excess water; 7-disk; 8 slots.
Fig.2. Diagram of a low pressure hydraulic seal
Features of the use of flame arresters on gas and liquid lines.
Hydraulic seals are widely used to protect the filling lines of devices with a bottom liquid supply, drain lines on loading and unloading racks, overflow lines of capacitive devices, industrial sewage at enterprises with flammable and combustible liquids, pump room trays, etc.
To protect gas lines of medium and high pressure, special hydraulic seals are used, which, unlike low-pressure liquid flame arresters, have a small amount of blocking liquid, are equipped with a check valve and a safety membrane.
The principle of operation of such hydraulic seals is similar to a low pressure hydraulic seal.
Liquid flame arresters in terms of execution and completeness must strictly comply with the technical specifications for their manufacture.
When water is used as a blocking liquid, it is advisable to place flame arresters in heated rooms.
In the absence of such an opportunity, additives are added to the water that lower its freezing point (ethylene glycol, glycerin, etc.)
Hydraulic locks.
Description
Flame arresters, flame arresters and flame arresters are used as fire-fighting equipment on vertical storage tanks for explosive petroleum products.
This equipment is the first step of fire safety, which contributes to the protection of tanks and stored product from explosion and fire. Main purpose of flame arresters of various types - this is to prevent a spark or flame from entering the gas space of the container and the occurrence of fire hazard situations.
The principle of operation of flame arresters and flame arresters
Their work is based on the absorption of heat from a spark or flame: the cassettes included in the design various materials reduce thermal energy below the ignition or ignition temperature of the stored liquid. At the same time, there is no delay of the working product through the cassette.
Fire-blocking elements (cassettes, tapes) can be made of foil, copper or aluminum alloys.
Types of flame arresters and flame arresters
- flame arrester OP-AA
- flame arrester OP-AAN
- flame arrester PP
- fire liquid fuse
- fire communication fuse POK
Flame arresters OP
The OP-AA and OP-AAN safety barriers protect the gas space of tanks from the penetration of sparks or flames. The flame arrester, located in the housing, consists of corrugated and flat bands that trap heat from the fire and extinguish it. Aluminum is used for their manufacture. The OP-AAN flame arrester is collapsible, which makes it possible to inspect the cassette and replace it if necessary.
| Flame arrester OP-AA | Parameters | OP-50AA | OP-80AA | OP-100AA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal diameter DN | 50 | 80 | 100 | |
air flow 118 Pa, m 3 / h |
25 | 60 | 100 | |
| Height, H, mm | 80 | 80 | 94 | |
| Diameter, D, mm | 140 | 194 | 207 | |
| 14 | 18 | 18 | ||
| Number of fixing holes | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
| 10 | ||||
| Weight, kg, no more | 1,3 | 2,62 | 3,6 | |
| Flame arrester OP-AAN | Parameters | OP 50AAN |
OP 80AAN |
OP 100AAN |
OP 150AAN |
OP 200AAN |
OP 250AAN |
OP 300AAN |
OP 350AAN |
OP 500AAN |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Conditional passage DN |
50 | 80 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 500 | |
| Checkpoint ability with resistance leniya air flow 118 Pa, m 3 / h |
100 | 150 | 200 | 215 | 380 | 600 | 750 | 900 | 2200 | ||
| Height, H, mm | 172 | 200 | 197 | 231 | 255 | 243 | 275 | 419 | 317 | ||
| Diameter, Dн, mm |
160 | 214 | 230 | 303 | 375 | 450 | 530 | 610 | 858 | ||
| Attach- body dimensions, mm |
D D1 d n, pcs |
141 110 14 4 |
184 150 17 4 |
205 170 17 4 |
262 225 18 4 |
315 280 18 4 |
370 335 18 6 |
435 395 22 6 |
485 445 22 6 |
644 600 22 16 |
|
| Time conservation work- capabilities, min., not less than |
10 | ||||||||||
| Weight, kg, no more |
3 | 5 | 6,1 | 10 | 16 | 27 | 30 | 45 | 74 | ||
Flame arrester PP
Flame arresters PP are temporary flame arresters that prevent flames from penetrating into the gas space of tanks. Fastened with flanges to mounting pipes; a gasket is installed between the flange and the body, which ensures tightness.
The flame arrester is made of flat or corrugated bands and can be made of aluminum or of stainless steel. The established service life of flame arresters PP from aluminum alloys is 5 years, from stainless steel - 10 years.
Fire fluid fuses
Fluid fire protectors are used to prevent a possible fire in a diesel or gasoline storage tank that can occur when gas or vapor escapes into the atmosphere. They can be manufactured in cast iron or aluminum housing. The blocking element is made of aluminum strips, which accumulate the heat of the flame and extinguish it.
Installation is carried out on the receiving pipeline.
| Liquid flame arrester POL | Parameters | POZH-80 |
|---|---|---|
 |
Conditional pass, D | 80 |
| Pressure, MPa | 0,25 | |
| Bandwidth at resistance air flow 118 Pa, m³/h |
80 - 100 | |
| Height (H), mm | 94 | |
| Diameter (D), mm | 207 | |
| Mounting hole diameter | 18 | |
| Number of fixing holes | 4 | |
| Mounting hole diameter | 170 | |
| Weight, kg | 3,6 | |
| Serviceability retention time, min., not less than | 10 | |
| Established service life, years | 8 |
Communication fire fuse POK
POK fire fuses are installed on oil pipelines to prevent flame movement through it. The maximum pressure in the pipeline is up to 1.6 MPa.
Their design is more reinforced, since the movement of the working medium occurs at high speed and at high pressure. Having a minimum hydraulic resistance, the liquid passes freely.
The flame retardant element has high heat resistance and fire resistance. When the flame passes through the flame extinguishing element, the temperature drops below the flash point of the working product. This results in extinction.
POK fire fuses are manufactured in U and UHL climatic modifications of placement category 1.
| Communication fire fuse POK | Parameters | POK-50 | POK-80 | POK-100 | POK-150 | POK-200 | POK-250 | POK-300 | POK- 350 |
POK- 500 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Conditional passage DN |
50 | 80 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 500 | |
| Checkpoint ability with resistance phenomenon air flow 118 Pa, m 3 / h |
25 | 75 | 100 | 215 | 380 | 600 | 300 | 900 | 2950 | ||
| Overall dimensions, mm | D.H. | 215 | 245 | 280 | 335 | 460 | 520 | 600 | 710 | 840 | |
| H | 300 | 303 | 380 | 430 | 490 | 495 | 575 | 737 | 820 | ||
| Attach- body dimensions, mm |
D | 160 | 195 | 215 | 280 | 335 | 405 | 460 | 520 | 710 | |
| D1 | 125 | 160 | 180 | 240 | 295 | 355 | 410 | 470 | 650 | ||
| d | 18 | 18 | 18 | 22 | 22 | 26 | 30 | 26 | 33 | ||
| n | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 16 | 20 | ||
| Weight, kg, no more |
20 | 28 | 39 | 55 | 113 | 145 | 245 | 290 | 545 | ||
Installation of fire arresters
They are mounted on the roof of vertical tanks under a breather or safety valve and are bolted to the mating flanges through a gasket. To protect pipelines under pressure up to 1.6 MPa, they are installed in the area where the gas-air mixture can exit.
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