Before you put a mushroom in your mouth, you must be sure that you are eating an edible mushroom, as there are a small number of species in the world that are poisonous. Most of them will only cause an upset stomach, but there are those that, if ingested, will cause no small harm to it and can even cause death. Below is a list with photos of the ten most poisonous and deadly species of mushrooms for humans.

Olive omfalot is a poisonous mushroom that grows in wooded areas on rotten stumps, rotten trunks of deciduous trees in Europe, mainly in the Crimea. Notable for its bioluminescence properties. In appearance it resembles a fox, but unlike it, the olive omphalot has bad smell and contains the toxin illudin S, which, when ingested, leads to very severe pain, vomiting and diarrhea.

Russula stinging is widespread in the northern hemisphere in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. With proper processing, this mushroom is conditionally suitable for food, but it tastes bitter, with a pronounced pungency. Raw is poisonous, it contains the poison muscarine. Eating even a small amount of raw mushroom leads to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.

Panther Amanita grows in coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere. The mushroom is highly poisonous and contains poisons such as muscarine and mycoatropine that act on the central nervous system, as well as a number of toxic alkaloids that cause gastrointestinal disorders, hallucinations and can lead to death.

On the seventh line in the list of the most dangerous and poisonous mushrooms in the world is Foliotina wrinkled - a poisonous mushroom that grows in Europe, Asia and North America. Contains a strong poison called amatoxins, which is very toxic to the liver and is the cause of many deaths. Sometimes these mushrooms are confused with blue psilocybe.

Greenfinch grows in small groups in dry coniferous forests on sandy soils in North America and Europe. Until recently, it was considered a good edible mushroom, but after the publication in 2001 of a report of poisoning when eating a large number of greenfinches (12 cases, 3 of them fatal), it is suspected of being poisonous. Symptoms of poisoning include muscle weakness, pain, cramps, nausea, and sweating.

Sulphur-yellow honey fungus is a highly poisonous mushroom found on all continents except Africa and Antarctica. Grow on old stumps of deciduous and coniferous trees in August-November. When eaten, the fungus causes severe, sometimes fatal poisoning. Symptoms appear after a few hours and are accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, sweating, diarrhea and bloating, sometimes blurred vision and even paralysis.

The thin pig is a poisonous mushroom common in moist deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests, gardens, forest belts of the Northern Hemisphere in regions with a temperate climate. The mushroom has long been considered conditionally edible, but now its toxicity has been proven. Prolonged use of thin pigs in food leads to severe poisoning, especially in people with diseased kidneys. Potentially fatal complications include acute renal failure, shock, respiratory failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Amanita ocreata, also known as the "angel of death", is a deadly poisonous mushroom from the Amanita family. Distributed in mixed forests mainly in the northeastern part of North America from Washington to Baja California. Contains alpha-amanitin and other amatoxins that cause the death of liver cells and other organs, as well as a violation of protein synthesis. Complications of poisoning include increased intracranial pressure, intracranial hemorrhage, sepsis, pancreatitis, acute renal failure, and cardiac arrest. Death usually occurs 6–16 days after poisoning.

Pale grebe is the most poisonous mushroom in the world. It is the cause of most fatal poisonings that occur after eating mushrooms. It grows in almost all types of forests in Europe, Asia, North America and North Africa. Likes dark, damp places. Contains two types of toxins, amanitin and phalloidin, which cause liver and kidney failure, and often the only way to avoid death is to transplant them. It is estimated that even half of the pale grebe contains enough toxin to kill an adult human. In addition, the toxicity of the mushroom does not decrease after it has been cooked, frozen, or dried. Sometimes they are mistakenly collected instead of champignons and green russula.

Picking mushrooms is a fascinating process, but it requires special care. No one is immune from the fact that the most poisonous mushroom will meet on the forest path. Sadly, but it is in Russia that the poisoning of which leads to serious consequences. But not only it is deadly. In this article, we will consider the most poisonous mushrooms (photos and descriptions).

If you believe the statistics, then 9 out of 10 people die when poisoned with a pale toadstool. That is, it leaves practically no chance of salvation. The lethal dose is only 1/3 cap. A deadly poison, phalloidin, accumulates in the tissues of the pale grebe. It is highly toxic, does not disappear after heat treatment, and leads to acute hepatitis. The most poisonous mushroom causes constant bouts of spasms, headaches. Medical assistance, as a rule, comes late, since the first symptoms do not appear immediately, but 6 hours after the poisoning. During this time, the poison has already managed to be completely absorbed. Further therapy does not cope with the action of toxic substances, and within a few days the person dies. To protect yourself and loved ones, you should always remember what the most poisonous mushroom looks like - a pale toadstool:

• a smooth lamellar hat of a grayish color and a white leg;
• the presence of a "collar";
• straight thin stem with a tuber at the base.

No less poisonous. It stands on the same level as the pale toadstool and can claim the title of "the most poisonous mushroom in the world." Its fruiting body is pure white, similar in appearance to a pale toadstool. The surface is always smooth, shiny and sticky. The hat is first pointed, then convex. There is also a ring on the leg, which disappears over time, leaving only ragged traces. The leg is white, covered with flaky scales. The taste is extremely unpleasant, gives off bleach. Amanita stinky is common in the summer throughout Russia. It grows in coniferous and mixed forests, choosing the most fertile soils. Its poison causes severe poisoning, and the treatment often does not give the desired effect, and the person dies.

Another instance - This is not the most poisonous mushroom, but it is also extremely dangerous. much less has been recorded from poisoning by this species, since everyone knows from childhood what a typical poisonous fly agaric looks like. The consequences of eating it are not as severe as in the first two cases, since the symptoms of poisoning appear after 2 hours.

Another representative of the poisonous family is the whitish talker. It is often found among meadow grass. It is powdery, with thin plates. The diameter of the cap rarely exceeds 6 cm. The talkers grow in groups, often forming a kind of "witch's rings". Their poison causes cardiac arrhythmia, a sharp drop in blood pressure, severe vomiting, salivation, and diarrhea. It is not always possible to save the patient, but since vomiting begins within 15 minutes after eating, you can have time to do necessary procedures and avoid death.

Many people know the differences between poisonous and edible mushrooms, but there are conditionally poisonous mushrooms. Even, at first glance, an experienced mushroom picker needs this information in order to prevent sad consequences.

Mushrooms are valuable representatives of plant communities of meadows and forests. Many of us know how to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from non-poisonous ones, this is especially important for mushroom pickers. But their toxicity is not always obvious, there are many mushrooms that look like non-poisonous, but are very dangerous, and poisoning with them should be feared.

Many different types of mushrooms grow in the forests of Russia. Among the edible are many known to us from an early age: white, mushrooms, boletus, champignons, chanterelles, and many others. And among the inedible, deadly poisonous mushrooms are often found, the appearance of which, as a rule, is familiar to us firsthand. These are grebes, fly agarics, false chanterelles and false mushrooms.

Fly agaric is one of the most famous mushrooms in general and the most famous of the poisonous ones. However, among his relatives there are more toxic ones. :

• fly agaric;
• smelly fly agaric;
• fly agaric red;
• (fly agaric green).

Fly agaric red

The most common poisonous mushroom is the red fly agaric. Its appearance seems to be familiar to every inhabitant of our country. Fly agaric is poisonous, but cases of fatal intoxication are extremely rare. Timely first aid measures and treatment to medical institutions will ensure full recovery and recovery.

Tincture from the pulp of the red fly agaric is even used in some folk recipes for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. From Scandinavian legends, we can also learn that some warriors (berserkers) were given a piece of fly agaric before the battle. They went into a fighting rage and felt no pain when they engaged in hand-to-hand combat. The analgesic effect is due to the content of bufotetin, an alkaloid that has a psychotropic and hallucinogenic effect.

The red fly agaric is distributed almost everywhere. The ripening period is from late June to mid-November. It has a characteristic protective bright color, warning of the poisonous properties of the fungus.

Poisoning with this mushroom is most often caused by the desire of people to cure all their diseases with a healing tincture of fly agaric. However, improper preparation or an error in dosing the ingredients often causes intoxication.

The active substances of the fungus adversely affect the central nervous system. The use of fly agaric can lead to falling into a lethargic sleep, the appearance of hallucinations. The fly agaric contains the following active substances:

1. Muscimol. Destroys the cells of the brain and spinal cord.
2. Muscarine. It causes general intoxication of the body.
3. Muscason. A substance that stimulates the nervous system.

However, these compounds are extremely small in a particular fruiting body. A lethal outcome will occur only when 10-12 mushrooms are consumed, either by affecting a weakened organism, or by increased personal susceptibility to these substances.

Due to the characteristic bright color of the poisoning with the red fly agaric, it occurs rather through the negligence of people who specifically use it as a medicine or psychotropic substance. Fly agaric is almost impossible to confuse with an edible mushroom. However, if a person nevertheless consumed a certain amount of the toxin, then the poisoning will manifest itself with the following symptoms, which will appear in just a few hours:

• general weakness and malaise;
• nausea and vomiting;
• profuse salivation;
• dizziness and headache;
• bradycardia;

At high doses:

• delirium, hallucinations;
• muscle cramps, loss of consciousness;
• a sharp decrease in visual acuity;
• if help is not provided, motor excitation develops, followed by apathy after 6-8 hours;
• decrease in body temperature to 34-35 degrees;
• liver failure develops, manifested in yellowing of the sclera of the eyes and mucous membranes, yellowness of the skin.

Death in case of fly agaric poisoning occurs due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles, as a result of which a collapse occurs, and the person suffocates.

Assistance should be started even before the arrival of the ambulance team, the call of which, by the way, is the first step (even if you have doubts about the source of the poisoning). If you have a certain skill, start gastric lavage with saline or warm water. Rinsing is carried out until the outgoing waters are clear.

Adsorbents should be used. For example, Activated carbon, enterosgel. Read the instructions carefully to choose the correct dose. These drugs will prevent further absorption of the toxin into the blood capillaries and therefore into the bloodstream.

Arriving doctors will administer an antidote to the patient. The most common is atropine. After that, the patient will be taken to a hospital, where doctors will carry out a set of measures aimed at removing the toxin from the body, combating the consequences of intoxication, and starting supportive and restorative therapy. In particular, they will prescribe glucocorticoids, replenish fluid loss and restore electrolyte balance. Other drugs are prescribed according to the identified symptoms.

Fly agaric smelly

Representatives of this species are closest in terms of poisonous properties to the pale grebe. However, cases of intoxication with this fungus are extremely rare. It's all about the unpleasant smell of decaying potatoes, which exudes fly agaric, for which, by the way, it got its name. The ripening period is from early June to mid-October.

Forms mycorrhiza with various types trees in mixed and coniferous forests. More often chooses sandy soils in spruce and pine forests with high humidity, blueberries. Also found in fully deciduous forests. Distributed in the temperate zones of Eurasia (from Northern France to Siberia and the Far East), in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe.

Mushroom pickers with little experience can confuse this mushroom with champignon, which can lead to the use of a dangerous fly agaric in food and, as a result, fatal intoxication. Champignons are easy to distinguish from the poisonous fly agaric by the absence of a volva (“skirt” at the base of the mushroom stem) and colored plates of mature fruiting bodies. However, the fly agaric Volvo may well be hidden by earth or moss. The symptoms of fly agaric poisoning are similar to those of the pale grebe. They will be described below.

Toadstool pale

Pale grebe is the most poisonous mushroom in Russian forests. For poisoning, which will lead to death, it will be enough for an adult man to use only half of the cap of the fruiting body. Surprisingly, those who have suffered severe poisoning with pale toadstool claim that the mushroom is amazingly tasty. Despite its appearance, it also belongs to the fly agaric.

The mushroom contains amanitotoxin - the strongest poison. Its danger also lies in the fact that it is not destroyed during heat treatment. Another danger is the delayed manifestation of symptoms, the first of which may appear only a few days after the use of a poisonous mushroom. The chances of survival depend on the general condition of the body and the dose of poison that has entered it, in which there are two types of toxins:

1. Phalloidins. Fast-acting, less toxic than amanitins. Not destroyed by heat treatment.
2. Amanitines. More toxic than phalloidins. They act slowly.

Both toxins are not subject to enzymatic cleavage in the stomach and intestines, therefore, when absorbed into the blood, they retain their original form and enter the liver in full combat readiness. It is this organ that suffers most from poisoning with a pale toadstool.

Plus, poisons cause acute inflammation of the stomach and small intestine, destroy hepatocytes, after which they are replaced by adipose tissue (toxins trigger fat involution), violate the integrity of the capillaries of the small intestine and other hollow organs. Poisons greatly reduce the overall level of glucose in the blood, adversely affecting metabolism, which is why the central nervous system suffers in the first place.

Clinicians distinguish 4 periods of the course of the disease in case of poisoning with toxins contained in the pale toadstool. Symptoms depend on the degree of poisoning, which is determined by the dose of poison and the general functional state of the body. So, 4 periods of poisoning:

• Latent period. It is characterized by the absence of external manifestations. It lasts 8-40 hours, the average length is 12-14 hours. This is a distinctive feature of the poisons of the toadstool pale, which allows you to differentiate the poisoning. The same trait determines the severity of the manifestation of the disease, since this time the poison managed to get into the blood and spread throughout all organs and tissues;
• period of primary injury. It lasts 24-48 hours, occasionally it can last up to one week. It is characterized by the appearance of frequent and violent diarrhea with yellow-green or clay-colored feces, which after a few hours becomes almost transparent, resembling mucus. It may contain traces of blood.

Strong indomitable vomiting, hellish thirst that cannot be quenched, because the intake of water again leads to the implementation of the gag reflex. There are intestinal colic of terrible strength, abdominal pain, spasms;

As a result of dehydration of the body, blood pressure decreases, pallor of the skin is noted, and the pulse becomes thready. Perhaps the appearance of cluster headaches and dizziness, reduced visual acuity. Due to the loss of electrolytes by the body, muscle cramps develop (calf muscles are especially affected). Practically no urine is excreted.

• Pseudo-recovery period. One more characteristic poisoning with pale toadstools. Duration - no more than 24 hours. At this time, there is an improvement in the general well-being of the patient. However, all this is an illusion, if we do a biochemical blood test during this period, we will see a clear violation of liver function. With severe intoxication, after 12-14 hours, against the background of a semi-conscious state, collapse occurs, followed by respiratory arrest, which can lead to death. This is the crisis of the disease, which most often occurs on the third day;
• The period of damage to internal organs. It is characterized by yellowing of the sclera and mucous membranes, yellowness of the skin of the poisoned person. There is pain in the right hypochondrium. Diarrhea and intestinal colic reappear. Toxic inflammation of the liver develops, the kidneys become inflamed. Often, heart failure is added to them, as a result of which death most often occurs.

The time from the entry of the toxin into the body until its death is approximately 10 days. It all depends on the dose and the functional state of the cardiovascular system of the poisoned person. With a mild severity of intoxication and timely measures taken, recovery occurs quite quickly. With moderate and severe severity, in the case of a favorable outcome of the disease, a long course of rehabilitation will be required - an average of 2-4 months. Usually internal organs restore their functions to their former extent.

Poisonous mushrooms of the world

Among the deadly poisonous forest mushrooms, the most poisonous mushroom in the world is the bloody tooth. It is believed that it even poisons the air around it. For fatal poisoning with a bloody tooth, only 10 mg of the toxin contained in the fungus is enough.

The rumor about its supertoxicity is caused by an eccentric appearance. For your understanding, it is also called strawberries and cream. Its appearance is very similar to this delicacy, there is something similar in the thinning aroma. The bloody tooth has a velvety white surface, generously strewn with red drops. These drops are secreted by the fungus itself to lure the insects that it feeds on. That is, strawberries with cream are a predatory mushroom.

With age, the mushroom loses its attractive appearance. The color of the cap becomes brown, spiny outgrowths appear along its edge. Spores ripen in them - a means of reproduction of fungi. It is the appearance of these outgrowths that determines the name "tooth".

The fungus grows in the forests of North America, Australia and Southern Europe. However, there are references to a bloody tooth in the forests of Russia, in particular, in the Komi Republic.

Top 10 most poisonous mushrooms, according to the site

1 ,

The mushroom is highly poisonous. It contains both muscarine and muscaridine characteristic of other poisonous fly agarics, as well as scopolamine and hyoscyamine, which are found in henbane, dope and some other poisonous plants.

2 ,


Poisoning occurs when the pale grebe is mistakenly eaten (a delicious mushroom, and this is not a typo).
Heat treatment does not eliminate the toxic effect. For poisoning, it is enough to eat half or a third of one mushroom (about 30 g). Children are especially sensitive, in whom poisoning begins with convulsions or jaw reduction.
Main symptoms: after 0.5 - 2 days there is indomitable vomiting, intestinal colic, muscle pain, unquenchable thirst, cholera-like diarrhea (often with blood). There may be jaundice and an enlarged liver. The pulse is weak, thready. The arterial pressure is lowered, loss of consciousness is observed. As a result of toxic hepatitis and acute cardiovascular insufficiency, in most cases - a fatal outcome.

3 Spring grebe,


Amanita muscaria is a fungus of the Amanitaceae family. Sometimes considered a type of pale grebe.

4 smelly fly agaric,


Inexperienced mushroom pickers can confuse the smelly fly agaric with various types of champignon, which leads to severe poisoning, usually fatal. Mushrooms are easy to distinguish by the absence of volva and colored plates in mature fruiting bodies. However, it should be borne in mind that the fly agaric Volvo can be completely in the soil and therefore be invisible.

5 ,


Deadly poisonous, similar to summer mushrooms.

6 Talker whitish,

Deadly poisonous mushroom; the content of muscarine in the whitish govorushka is higher than in the red fly agaric. Muscarine, contained in the fruiting bodies of the whitish talker (as well as in the fruiting bodies of the related species Clitocybe rivulosa and Clitocybe cerussata), can cause severe poisoning, which manifests itself 15-20 minutes after ingestion by increased secretion of saliva and tears, sweating, in large doses - a weakening of the heart rate, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, respiratory failure, severe vomiting and diarrhea. Usually the symptoms of poisoning begin to subside after two hours.

7 Cobweb beautiful,

Deadly poisonous, contains slow-acting toxins that cause kidney failure.

8 ,


The mushroom is poisonous. When eaten, after 1-6 hours nausea, vomiting, sweating appear, the person loses consciousness

9 ,


Gastro-enterotropic poisonous mushroom. When used, it irritates the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, causing the so-called. "resinoid syndrome" (abdominal pain, vomiting, loose stools). Symptoms of poisoning appear within 0.5-2 hours after the ingestion of toxins into the body and manifest themselves in the form of headache and dizziness, which are later joined by severe vomiting and diarrhea. Recovery usually occurs within 48-72 hours. If a significant amount of mushrooms is consumed, a fatal outcome is possible.

10 ,

The fungus is deadly poisonous and can cause severe muscarinic poisoning with a fatal outcome. Muscarine in the fibers of Patuillard contains several times more than in the red fly agaric. Symptoms of poisoning appear after 0.5-2 hours and are expressed in severe lacrimation and sweating, followed by tachycardia, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, respiratory failure, vomiting and diarrhea. The victim has constriction of the pupils, blurred vision, the skin turns red, then turns pale, all this is accompanied by severe chills.

20.04.2016 at 11:20 · pavlofox · 5 690

The most poisonous mushrooms in the world

Mushrooms have been eaten since ancient times. They are not only among the most delicious foods, but also the most satisfying. But not all macromycetes are equally useful and may be suitable for consumption. Some of their species pose a serious danger to human body due to high toxicity.

In order not to become a victim of mushrooms that are dangerous to human life and health, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the list, which includes the most poisonous mushrooms in the world.

10. Olive Omphaloth

Omphalote olive opens the top ten most poisonous mushrooms on the planet. The mushroom has a bright orange color. European forests are considered to be the place of growth. It grows, as a rule, on old, rotten stumps. In addition to attractive appearance These mushrooms smell very good. But eating them is extremely dangerous for health. Poisoning manifests itself as a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. A person experiences nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, resulting in dehydration.

9. Russula burning

Russula burning is one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world. Despite the high toxicity, no cases of death have been identified. Conditionally suitable for food with proper processing. The taste of this russula is bitter, with a pronounced sharpness. When used in large quantities, it causes a malfunction in the gastrointestinal tract. There are signs of poisoning such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and general weakness.

8. Panther fly agaric

Fly agaric panther considered one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world known to man. Its hat is creamy white with white dots in the form of warts. The highly poisonous fly agaric is similar in composition to henbane. When intoxicated, it has a number of similar symptoms to henbane poisoning: headaches, tachycardia, visual impairment, speech disorder, hallucinations and convulsions. When a large dose enters the body of the panther fly agaric, a fatal outcome occurs.

7. Foliotina wrinkled

Foliotina wrinkled is one of the ten most dangerous mushrooms for human health and life. The place of growth is considered the northwest of America. These macromycetes are similar to psilocybin, which is used as a medicinal decoction. Unlike the last Foliotin, wrinkled has a very strong toxicity and can be fatal. When ingested, a person develops liver failure. This leads to general intoxication and death.

6. Zelenushka

Greenfinch ranked sixth among the most poisonous mushrooms. It got its name from its green color. For a long time it was considered a conditionally edible mushroom. But recent studies have shown that with regular consumption of greenfinch, acute renal failure develops. Poisoning manifests itself in the form of weakness, the appearance of convulsions, general pain.

5. False honeysuckle sulfur-yellow

False honeysuckle sulfur-yellow considered one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world. These dangerous macromycetes grow in light forests. Usually they do not grow singly, but are found in groups, adjacent to dead stumps and tree roots. The smooth cap has a bright yellow color with a brown tint in the center. After eating, after a few hours, the first symptoms of poisoning appear in the form of vomiting, diarrhea and pain in the side. This species can cause kidney failure, which can be fatal.

4. Thin pig

Pig thin ranks fourth in the list of the most poisonous mushrooms. Another name sounds like “brown roll” because of the color and shape. For a long time it was considered edible. But recent studies have shown that with periodic consumption of food, the substances contained in this fungus destroy white blood cells. Symptoms may not appear immediately after ingestion. Svinushka thin causes general malaise, vomiting, nausea. After a while, a person begins to have a fever, then kidney failure develops, which is fatal. Signs of poisoning can appear for a long period, and death occurs after two weeks.

3. Ergot purple

2. Fly agaric Ocreata

View fly agaric Amanita Ocreata is the second most poisonous mushroom in the world. In the people it is also called as the "angel of death." Distributed throughout North America in oak forests. This species has a yellowish color with a brown tint in the center of the cap. When even a small particle of the fungus enters the body, it causes severe poisoning with pronounced symptoms: pain in the side, vomiting, sometimes with blood, diarrhea, etc. Symptoms appear for several days. Full recovery maybe in 1-2 weeks. The dangerous substances that make up this fly agaric destroy the liver and kidneys.

1. Pale grebe

Death cap- the most poisonous mushroom in the world. These mushrooms are yellow-green in color with a white border. Distributed in European forests with broad-leaved trees. When ingested, it affects vital organs such as the liver and kidneys. Often this leads to death. This species is so poisonous that it is not recommended to touch it. with bare hands, and contact with mushrooms collected for food should not be allowed. Symptoms of poisoning may appear gradually over several days. The poisoned person is haunted by colic, dizziness, vomiting and loose stools. During this period, the destruction of the above organs occurs. At the first signs of poisoning, you should immediately seek medical help. This also applies to poisoning by other mushrooms that are on our list.

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