A heating radiator is a heating device, popularly referred to as a "battery". Heating devices transfer the heat delivered to them through pipes to rooms that need heating. Radiators are made from various materials, as a result of which they have different thermal conductivity and ability to withstand internal pressure.
Types of heating radiators depending on the material of manufacture.
Aluminum radiators have good thermal conductivity and heat dissipation. Nice appearance, lightness, ability to withstand high working pressure - these are pluses. Minus: aluminum, reacting with water, releases hydrogen, which accumulates in the radiator. At first, it is necessary to drain the accumulated gas from the heat carriers daily, otherwise the heating system will not function.
aluminum radiator
Bimetallic radiator - a modification of an aluminum radiator. They are just as beautiful and ergonomic as aluminum ones. They differ in the presence of internal steel elements. Able to withstand pressure up to forty atmospheres, have a greater margin of safety. Unpretentious to the environment.
Cast iron radiatorsthe old model is completely unaesthetic. It is inconvenient to paint them, but they can be hidden under special protective screens. Now there are more modern models cast iron radiators improved look. The undoubted advantage of cast-iron radiators is their unpretentiousness.. They are able to serve up to 50 years without replacement, they are not afraid of rusty water or the presence of pollution. The disadvantage of a cast-iron radiator is its low thermal conductivity compared to radiators made of modern materials.
Cast iron radiator
Steel heating radiators are available in two types: panel, sectional and tubular. Panel radiators are inexpensive, unpretentious, their design is hundred. Tubular radiators have a very high heat output and a long service life (up to 25 years). Designers are working on their creation, which makes it possible to attribute this type of steel radiators to the premium class. Sectional represent a design from several sections connected among themselves by means of spot welding. This significantly increases the service life and allows you to withstand pressure drops.
Steel panel radiator
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What you need to know about the size of heating batteries?
Heating radiators are produced in different sizes, which allows you to choose the optimal place for their installation in the room.
An error in choosing the size of heating radiators will lead to an excessively low, or, conversely, high temperature in the heated room.
Knowing the size of heating radiators, their power and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room where you are going to install them, it is easy to calculate the optimal number of necessary heaters. The choice of the height of the heating radiator depends on the intended installation location. Often, radiators are installed under the window, so to calculate the height of the heating radiator, it is necessary to measure the distance from the floor to the window sill. All the same heating appliances must be on the same level. According to the height, heating radiators are divided into three types:
- standard height.
- Low radiators.
- Tall radiators.
The length of the radiator depends on the number of sections.
Dimensions of cast iron radiators
- Standard dimensions of cast iron heating radiators: section length 93 mm, depth - 140 mm, height 588 mm.
- Low heating radiators dimensions: height 388 mm, other parameters are the same.
- High cast iron radiators: height from 661 to 954 mm, section length 76 mm, depth - 203 mm.
Cast iron heating radiators can last up to 50 years without replacement
Dimensions of aluminum heating radiators
- Standard dimensions of aluminum heating radiators: height 575-585 mm, section length - 80 mm, depth - 80-100 mm.
- Low: height from 200 to 400 mm, section length from 40 mm, depth up to 180 mm.
- High: height 590 mm, depth 95 mm, section length 80 mm.
Aluminum radiators have good heat dissipation
Dimensions of bimetallic heating radiators
- Standard dimensions of bimetallic heating radiators: height 550 - 580 mm, section length 80-82 mm, depth 75-100 mm.
- Low: height 30 -500 mm, section length 80 mm, depth - 95 mm.
- High: height 880 mm, section length 80 mm, depth 95 mm.
Bimetal radiators collected all the most best qualities steel and aluminum radiators
Dimensions of steel heating radiators
- Standard dimensions of sectional tubular radiators: height 600 mm, radiator length 400-3000 mm.
- Low: height 400-500 mm, radiator length 400-3000 mm
- High: height 700-900 mm, same length.
Steel radiators are most often used in individual heating systems.
Power and size
Its power depends on the size of the heater. The average heating power of a standard height cast iron radiator section is 160 W, while the power of the section of aluminum and bimetallic heating radiators is 200 W. Therefore, for high-quality space heating, the size of the purchased cast-iron radiator must be larger than the size of the corresponding aluminum and bimetallic radiators. You can calculate the power of a heating radiator for your room as follows. First you need to know the volume of the room. To do this, multiply the width by the length by the height. Length - 5 m, width - 3 m, height -2.5. 5 * 3 * 2.5 = 37.5 cubic meters For heating 1 cubic meter in a standard building, 41 W of thermal power is consumed. To heat a room with a volume of 37.5 cubic meters, 37.5 * 41 \u003d 1537.5 W will be required, i.e. approximately 1600 watts. In case of extreme cold, when calculating the received power, it is better to increase it by 15-20%. 1600 + 20% \u003d 1920W \u003d 1.92 kW Knowing the power of the heater, we calculate the number of radiator sections standard size. The power of the cast-iron radiator section is 160 watts. 1920:160 = 11.25 i.e. 12 sections. Power section aluminum radiator 180W 1920:180=10.6 i.e. 11 sections. Power section bimetallic radiator 200 W 1920:200=9.6 i.e. 10 sections. Power section steel radiator 140 W 1800:140 = 13.7 i.e. about 14 sections.
You should always round the power up, you can’t underestimate it!
These are approximate data, a lot depends on the model of the radiator, its height, and heat transfer. In principle, every self-respecting manufacturer on the packaging indicates what is the power of one section of the radiator. Knowing it, you can calculate the exact number of sections needed to heat your room.
The choice of dimensions of heating batteries
The dimensions of heating radiators are selected based on the heat output they generate. If heating radiators are placed, as recommended, under windows, the following features should be taken into account:
- the distance from the window sill to the top of the radiator should not be less than 100 mm;
- the distance from the floor to the radiator is at least 60 mm.
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Outcome
When choosing the size of radiators for your home, remember that calculation of thermal power should be made based not on the volume of the room as a whole, and taking into account the volume of each room separately. So, if you have several rooms, calculate the volume of each of them, and calculate how many radiators are required to heat the bedroom, how many for the kitchen, how much for the hall, for the bathroom, separately focusing on the size of the heating radiators. It should be taken into account that when using a screen for a radiator or a decorative grille, the radiator power must be recalculated upwards. 
It is allowed to install additional radiators along blank walls in corner rooms,
which prevents freezing of the walls and protects against dampness.
When buying heating radiators, do not rely on sellers for everything.
Make preliminary power calculations, estimate the required dimensions of heaters. In this case, you will not only purchase those heating devices that best meet your needs, but you can also save a lot of money.
The presented video will help you when choosing a heating radiator
Heating radiators are different. For various categories of heating systems use and different kinds heating appliances. For example, in multi-story and apartment buildings and in private one-story buildings they use completely different types batteries.
What are the types of heating radiators?
In our modern world, With modern technologies, there is a wide variety of radiators, but they are all divided into categories.
- cast iron;
- aluminum;
- bimetallic radiators.
Cast iron radiators
Cast iron batteries are the strongest and most durable batteries, but they also have their drawbacks. They quite thick in width, and consequently, they warm up longer, respectively, they need a larger amount of thermal unit for heating.
Aluminum heating radiators
Aluminum - warm up rather quickly, but such radiators are impractical. These batteries do not hold pressure drops and with strong drops they can simply burst. Their not used in high-rise buildings, but they are perfect for heating low cottages or private houses.
Well, bimetallic ones are universal radiators. Such radiators are suitable both for low-rise houses with autonomous system heating, and in multi-storey buildings.
Dimensions of heating radiators
Such a characteristic of heating devices as their dimensions is very important when choosing an installation. Often the temperature in heated rooms depends on the size. Dimensions also play a role in the choice of design and in the selection of the power of the heater.
The main indicators of the size of heating radiators are the following indicators:
- thickness;
- width;
- radiator height.
Standard indicators are thickness from 8.5 to 9 centimeters, width from 35 to 40 centimeters and height of three types - 76 centimeters, 94 centimeters and 112 centimeters. But in practice, these indicators are rarely used. Basically, they depend on the design of heating systems, their shape and the material used in the manufacture of batteries.
Thickness
This indicator depends on the shape of the radiator and the material used in the manufacture of batteries. Panel heating devices are considered the thinnest; for aluminum and steel appliances, the thickness is usually no more than one centimeter. Cast iron systems generally have rather thick walls, which has an effect when they are heated. And bimetallic ones have a double layer of metal, which also has its effect.
Width
The width of the battery varies in the range from twenty centimeters to one and a half meters. It is quite convenient and practical when planning a room and when decorating a design. Especially if there are space restrictions.
The main criterion for installing a heater with this indicator is the preservation of the desired heat balance. If you need to reduce the width of the heating element, then you need to proportionally increase its height.
Height
According to this indicator, the run-up of the range is even greater, from fifteen centimeters to three meters. The following are distinguished by height:
Lower models have slightly more heat dissipation. This is explained by the fact that there is very minimal contact between warm air and the upper part of the battery, as well as due to the large heat flux from the upper surface of the battery fins.
Dimensions of both aluminum and any other batteries selected in accordance with the magnitude of the heat power that these heaters produce.
If the batteries are in the standard location under the windows, then the following must be considered:
- devices should cover the width of the window opening from 50 to 75%;
- at least 10 centimeters must remain from the very top of the battery to the window sill;
- at least 6 centimeters must remain from the very bottom of the heater to the floor.
If you have design developments in the room where you are going to install aluminum or any other batteries, then you can use both bottom and top, cross or even side connections when connecting heaters.
When choosing aluminum or other heating devices, it is also necessary to take into account that different devices, having the same size, have different heat outputs. Also aluminum or other heating appliances with the same size have different power, and in everyday life and different convenience when servicing radiators.
You need to know that aluminum and bimetallic appliances heat up faster, but also cool faster than cast iron ones. Also for aluminum batteries much less heat transfer volume is required than for cast iron or bimetallic. This gives its advantage, as there is a high speed of water movement and savings on the operation of boilers that heat the system. And the highest heat transfer is not given by a cast-iron device, and not even aluminum, but bimetallic batteries.
Finally, it must be added that correct selection the size of heating systems will depend on both the comfort in the room and the desired temperature. Dimensions of aluminum radiators and other batteries must be chosen wisely and according to the accepted design. Using these tips and recommendations, you can make the right choice and enjoy warmth and comfort, despite the cold and snow outside the window.
Aluminum- lightweight material that is widely used.
Among other things, heating batteries are made from it.
In their creation is very important characteristics calculation.
Influence of aluminum radiator size
Aluminum batteries are made in a wide range of sizes. Length has a primary effect on power.
Accordingly, in order to achieve the required heating, it is necessary increase the number of sections. The total length of the battery depends on the calculations.
Depth and height also change the metrics because they affect volume. Unlike length, these two values- variable, due to which there are many various models.
The next indicator is center distance. It is responsible for the heating rate of the radiators, since it means the gap between the supply and return pipes.
The manufacturing method also affects performance:
- Outflow from metal increases the strength and durability of the device. In this case, each section is an integral unit from which the device is assembled. This is done in a certain sequence: first the upper parts are welded, then the lower ones.
- extrusion method involves forcing heated aluminum through a metal lattice plate. Thanks to this, a profile of a given shape is obtained, which is divided into parts and assembled into a radiator.
Attention! Such heaters are rare, and are usually made to order. It's connected with inability to make changes into the design after the end of production.
center distance
The indicator represents the gap between the axes of the radiator. They are arranged symmetrically one above, one below. Pipes adjoin them, through which inclusion in the heating circuit is carried out.
Photo 1. Aluminum radiator model 350/80, center distance 350 mm, manufacturer - "Oasis", China.
The value varies depending on the manufacturer. in the range of 150-2000 mm. For most devices, this indicator is equal to 500. This is due to heating systems in apartment buildings: in old buildings, calculations are made for cast-iron radiators. When replacing batteries, the costs of digesting the pipeline are undesirable.
Reference! The name of most models contains number indicating the center distance.
Depth
Depends on the material from which the battery is made. The minimum value is 52 mm. It is enough to create a high power of small sections. The maximum indicator - 180 mm. It is quite rare and requires strength. There are models with greater depth, but their use is impractical due to insufficient heating.
Determination of section volume
To calculate, you need to know the value described above, as well as the length and height. First value, visually - width.
She is 80 or 88 mm, what is indicated in the passport.
Second- variable. Usually the vertical component of the section dimensions is 570 mm.
To find the volume, it is enough multiply three numbers.
Section calculation method
To determine the required number of elements, you need to determine the power. There are several rounded values computed for room with ceiling height 2.7 meters:
- For a standard room 100 watts.
- For each window add by 10.
- If it is angular, the value multiply by 1.2.
- If the ceilings are higher or the windows are larger than usual, add 10%.
- The heating is weakened from the upper floors to the lower ones, so each should be add another 2%.
Received rated power multiply by the area of the room. The result is a total value calculated with a margin.
The number is then divided by passport indicator of one section, rounding up. An example calculation looks like this:
- (100 + 10) * 1,2 * 1,04 = 137,28 , where the extreme factor is chosen for the flat third from top floor.
- 137.28 * S = 151 * 18 = 2471 where S (18)- square.
- 2471 / 190 = 13. In this case, with power one section of 190 watts will need 13 pieces.
Radiator weight
Aluminum is a light metal. Products made of this material have a small mass, which facilitates their movement, reduces the required installation strength. It should be noted that in the manufacture of batteries, metal is alloyed with silicon. This slightly increases the severity.
The average weight of one section is 1.25 kg. The value varies between from 1 to 1.35, which depends on the dimensions and wall thickness. For example, for mounting a radiator of 10 units with a small margin, enough fasteners for 15 kg.
Important! Of all types of aluminum radiators the lightest. This makes it easy to transport them.
Height and width of a custom-shaped radiator
There are batteries of an unusual type. From metals you can create a device up to three meters high, up to two wide.
If you read our article about the characteristics of aluminum radiators, then you probably remember that with all their positive qualities, these devices have a number of significant drawbacks that do not allow them to be fully used in city apartments. Now we will talk about their bimetallic counterparts, which will help overcome all technical limitations when installed in multi-storey residential buildings connected to public heating networks.
The bimetallic radiator looks the same as the aluminum one. This is understandable: its outer body is made of the same metal and painted with the same paint. It can be distinguished only by weight - the internal structure of the device already affects here, inside which there are steel inserts that protect aluminum from direct contact with the coolant. It is thanks to them that the battery sections are not subjected to the destructive action of various impurities that are transferred along with the coolant in the utility network. In addition, steel is much more resistant to acids and alkalis, which are also rich in urban heating systems and does not interact with copper pipes and heat exchangers.
The use of a steel core for the passage of the coolant provides other useful characteristics of bimetallic radiators:
- Strength. The maximum pressure that the body of a bimetallic radiator can withstand is 30-40 atmospheres. Such a device is not afraid of any water hammer;
- economy. The narrowing of the coolant supply channels makes it possible to achieve the optimal combination of energy consumption for heating and the thermal inertia of the radiator;
- Durability. The resistance of steel internal cavities to corrosion and destruction allows manufacturers to set a long service life for their products - on average up to 20 years.
If we add here the advantages that have passed from aluminum models, such as high heat dissipation, elegant appearance and compact size, we can definitely say that bimetallic radiators are the best choice for heating a city apartment today.
Dimensions
To choose a bimetallic radiator, its overall dimensions are of great importance. Typically, heating devices are installed under the window in order to create a thermal curtain for cold air passing through the glazing. The radiator must fit into the existing niche and provide the necessary heat transfer characteristics.
The dimensions of heating radiators in height have standard values. Devices are produced with a center distance of 200, 350 and 500 mm. Usually these numbers are contained in the model name.
However, it should be borne in mind that the center distance is not the total height of the body, but only the length of the segment between the centers of the inlet and outlet manifolds. The actual height of the device can be obtained by adding 80 mm to the center distance.
So, for example, a radiator marked 350 will take about 430 mm, and the 500th model will take about 580 mm.
It must be borne in mind that the technical standards provide for a distance of at least 100 mm from the device body to the window sill and at least 60 mm from the body to the floor.
The width of the battery depends on the number of sections, which is determined by calculation. We will talk about this in the next section.
Radiator calculation
The determination of the number of sections for all types of radiators is carried out in the same way.
Technical requirements for heating houses in middle lane Russia determines the power required to heat 1 m 2 of area, equal to approximately 1 kW.
For each battery, the manufacturer usually indicates the power value of one section. Sometimes this parameter is called a little differently - the heat transfer of the section. Knowing the power, the number of sections can be calculated by the formula:
where N is the required quantity, S is the area of the room, Q is the power of one section.
The standard section width of most models of bimetallic radiators is 80 mm, the heat transfer of a conventional 500 mm section is about 180 watts. Thus, if our room, for example, has an area of 20 m 2, then 12 sections will be needed to heat it, and the width of such a radiator will be about 1 m.
Design features
As we have already said, the difference between a bimetallic radiator and an aluminum one is that steel tabs are laid along its inner surface, protecting the body material from corrosion.
Steel tabs can be installed in different parts of the radiator:
Section capacity and connecting dimensions
Due to the presence of steel inserts inside the bimetallic radiator, its section capacity is even less than that of aluminum. On the one hand, this is good, and we have already noted that the smaller section sizes are better - this is a reduction in the required amount of coolant and thermal inertia, and as a result - comfort in management and energy savings. But we must not forget that too narrow channels can become clogged with debris and sludge, which are inevitably present in modern heating networks.
The width of the channel depends on the wall thickness of the steel insert. The thicker the walls, the better the characteristics of the strength and durability of the radiator, but the narrower the channels for the coolant.
A good bimetallic radiator has wall-thick steel inserts water pipe. In this case, the capacity of the section depends on the center distance:
- For a battery with a distance of 200 mm - 0.1-0.16 l;
- For 350 mm batteries - 0.15-0.2 l;
- For 500 mm - 0.2-0.3 l.
As we can see, the volume of coolant in such radiators is really small. For example, the popular RIFAR 10-section heater with a height of 350 mm holds only 1.6 liters. At the same time, it is able to heat an area up to 14 m 2, and its width is 80 cm. However, it will weigh 14 kg. This just says that the radiator is bimetallic - usually they are 1.5-2 times heavier than aluminum ones.
Most bimetallic radiators are sold in one section. This is convenient, because you can buy exactly as many sections as you need to provide the required power. Each section has two inlets and two outlets, ¾" or 1" ID, depending on the model. For ease of assembly, two of them have a right-hand thread, and two have a left-hand thread.
Installing a bimetallic radiator makes sense only in city apartment. If you have private house and own heating boiler, it is better to buy an aluminum battery.
When choosing a bimetallic radiator with the desired heat dissipation, it is recommended to take into account the following characteristics:
- Operating pressure. It usually does not exceed 15 atmospheres. The radiator must withstand such a load;
- Power. It is necessary to calculate the number of sections according to the above method;
- Dimensions. The width of the radiator is determined by the number of sections, and the height is determined by the center distance. For standard window sills with a height of 80 cm, the 500th model is suitable, but if it does not fit, you need to take the 350th modification;
- Thickness of steel tabs. Make sure it's not too small. An indirect indicator of the thickness of the tabs is the weight of the device;
- Price. Usually bimetallic radiators cost at least 15-20% more than aluminum ones.
If you do everything right and choose the right radiator, the heat in your house will not be in short supply even in severe frosts.
When choosing a radiator for the home, people most often pay attention to the brand or country of production, to the material from which it is made.
It is also necessary to know specifications , such as heat output, volume of water in the section and weight, while the size of the radiator is equally important.
It depends on him whether the room will be be well heated and how effective his service will be.
The size of the radiator depends from three characteristics:
- distance between axles;
- section width;
- section depth.
Depending on the manufacturer, these characteristics may vary. The distance between the axles can reach 800 millimeters, but most often it is 350 or 500 millimeters.
There are practically no restrictions on the length of the heater, and the battery power largely depends on this indicator. To increase power, if it is really necessary, you can always purchase additional heating sections.
Manufacturers offer aluminum radiators different sizes, for example, Global models have a center distance of 350 to 800 mm, a length of one section of 80 mm, and a depth of 80 to 180 mm.
Aluminum radiator SV - 500/12 from Oasis, one of the the most popular Chinese companies in the Russian market, has the following dimensions: 580 x 80 x 80. This model with 12 sections is capable of heating a room up to 24 m 2.
Models of aluminum radiators Russian company Apriori have the same center distance - 500 mm, width and depth vary 70-80 mm and 70-96 mm, respectively.
Elsotherm radiators on the contrary, they have the same width of 80 mm for all aluminum models. Their center distance is 200, 350 and 500 mm, which is evident from the name (for example, Elsotherm 200 is an aluminum radiator with 200 mm distance between the axes).
Italian aluminum batteries have the same depth (80 mm) and width (97 mm). They differ precisely in the distance between the axes, which determine the height of the battery. This company produces 2 types of radiators with a height of 425mm and 565mm.
Attention! The distance between the axles determines the height of the heater, as well as the weight. It is important to remember that the heavier the radiator sections, the more difficult it is to mount them.
Calculation of the number of radiator sections
Number of sections, which is necessary for a particular room, depends on its area and the size of the radiator sections. If they are not enough, the battery will not warm up the room during winter frosts.
Calculation by room area suitable for rooms with low ceilings up to 2.6 m. In order to calculate the amount of power required for the entire room, you need:
where S is the area of the heated room, Q is the thermal power of the 1st section and N is the required number of sections.
division result rounded up, rounding down is only possible for rooms such as the kitchen.
Calculation of the number of sections for rooms With high ceiling produced by volume. According to the recommendation of SNIP, 41 W (34 W per m 2 for apartments with modern double-glazed windows and external insulation) of thermal power is needed to heat 1 m 3 of a residential building:
where V is the volume of the heated room, Q is the thermal power of the 1st section, N is the required number of sections.
rounding it is made according to the same principle as described above - down for the kitchen and up for the rest of the rooms. You will find examples of calculating the number of radiator sections in the article "".
The first step when choosing a radiator is to measure the distance from the floor to the window sill if the battery is located under the window. This is necessary in order to calculate optimal height batteries. By regulatory documents the distance from the floor to the radiator should be at least 10-15 cm, and the same from its top to the window sill. This is important so that the heated air flows freely into the room.
So, choosing an aluminum heating radiator is a must pay attention on the size of the sections, since it depends on whether the radiator can heat the air in the room even in cold weather.
Even if the initial calculations were made incorrectly, the situation can be corrected. Luckily, it's always possible to add one or more sections with a radiator wrench. They can be purchased, but if it is impossible to find a suitable one, you can make it yourself.
Anyway, much easier initially correctly calculate the number of sections, and in this case you do not have to fix or redo anything.
Calculation of aluminum radiators by area, see the video below:
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