The actual problem of suburban life is the lack of a central sewerage system. Creating your own autonomous system is technically difficult and expensive. The arrangement of the cesspool is no longer practiced. The most common, modern and effective solution for the construction of country treatment facilities is considered. It can be assembled from concrete rings or be monolithic.
- Simple and unpretentious in operation.
- All work can be done on your own.
- Inexpensive option available to everyone.
Flaws:
- Smell. Poorly sealed design does not completely prevent odors.
- Risk of dirty water entering the ground due to installation errors.
- The need for cleaning. You should regularly use the services of sewers to clear solid waste.
Despite the opinion that a concrete septic tank is considered the most affordable sewerage option in a country house and in a private house, professionals are not recommended to install it themselves in a house intended for living all year round.
The process includes several steps:
1. Volume calculation and scheme selection.
2. Determination of the construction site.
3. Digging a well.
4. Direct installation of rings and supply lines.
5. Sealing seams and joints.
6. Installation of floors.
7. Backfilling of chambers.
Operating principle
A description of the work scheme will help you understand how to properly make a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands and save on calling specialists. The standard option is a section of two or three wells.
1. Sewerage drains enter the first one, which has a concrete bottom. There, solid waste undergoes primary treatment by deep decomposition under the action of anaerobic bacteria, is converted into a thick sediment, and goes further through a drain pipe located at an angle to the septic tank. At the same time, 1 m of depth corresponds to two centimeters of slope. Since purification occurs due to the fermentation of sewage, this tank must be airtight.
2. The second stage of purification is filtration by passing through expanded clay, gravel and other materials. The second well is identical in design to the first, but may be smaller in size and must be filled with oxygen, which helps bacteria decompose sewage into its constituent elements.
3. From the third reservoir, the scheme assumes the drainage of a completely purified liquid into the ground in a natural way or using a forced pump. This well should be located closer to the road for better accessibility to sewage services.
Size calculation
As part of this structure, there are both one and two chambers: for sedimentation and wastewater treatment. The scheme for constructing a septic tank from concrete rings into three wells includes both chambers and filtration. The design may be different and depends on the number of residents and the time they live in a year. If there are two people in the house who actively use the dishwasher and washing machine, bath and shower, then one tank will not be enough, since it will not cope with large discharges into the sewer, therefore, a second one is needed.
If the family is small and uses a minimum of household appliances, then septic tanks from two wells will do. Moreover, their size is determined by the amount of wastewater. The septic tank should be three times the daily volume of fluid entering it. According to technology, water should be in it constantly. According to user reviews, such a septic tank is in no way inferior to a three-well one.
Calculation example:
1. 5 family members live in the country house. The daily water consumption per person is 200 liters.
2. We determine the daily consumption for the whole family: 5 * 200 \u003d 1000 liters.
3. We multiply the total daily consumption of the family by 3 (since, according to building codes, a concrete septic tank must contain a three-day volume of wastewater), we get 3000 liters. That is, the camera must be at least 3 cubes.
4. The volume of the standard ring is 0.62m3. We determine their number: we divide the found volume of the septic tank by the volume of the ring 3 / 0.62 = 4.83. When rounded up, we get 5 pcs. That is, for the construction of one chamber, 5 pieces are needed.
The nuances of the work
If the sewerage system is being built independently, then in order to properly organize the work, several factors must be taken into account.
- Soil heaving.
One of the problems is the increase in soil under the influence of external factors (soil heaving). This must be taken into account and, before installation, create a soil belt (sand cushion) with a thickness of at least 30 cm. Expanded clay or similar can serve as a material.
Also, to prevent the consequences of heaving, according to the standard installation scheme to prevent shear, they are interconnected by means of metal plates fixed with brackets or bolts.
- The need for technology.
It is better to prepare in advance and rent a crane and a truck. It is better to dig all three wells in advance and think over the entrance to the place of work.
- Accuracy.
During installation, chips and cracks in the concrete should be avoided.
- Site ecology.
Great attention must be paid to sealing so that sewage does not seep through the first two treatment tanks. Pillows and liquid glass will help to properly protect the soil from leakage.
Mounting Features
Stages of assembling a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands.
1. Choosing a place.
After selection, the schemes are determined with the area where the sewer will be located. It is necessary to place containers at a distance of a meter from groundwater. The GWL indicator is a problem that is characteristic of almost all of central Russia. A septic tank with a high level of groundwater is much more difficult to install and use, so when planning a sewer, you need to take into account the state of the soil of the area.
A high GWL is considered to be a parameter less than a meter. The maximum indicator will be the most objective, so measurements are best done in the spring when the snow melts or in the fall during the rainy period. If there is a well on the ground that is fed from groundwater, then the GWL is determined by measuring the distance between the liquid level in it and the ground surface.
If there is a problem with the GWL, then more attention should be paid to sealing. Due to the fact that structures consisting of prefabricated elements (brick or concrete rings) do not provide proper tightness, you should resort to installing an industrial septic tank.
2. Digging a pit.
The diameter of the pit for a concrete septic tank should be wider than the concrete rings, so that after installation there is room for laying a waterproofing layer. The shape of the pit can be square (under a concrete slab) or oval (under a cement stretch).
3. Sealing the pit.
Inside, 0.3 m of sand is poured, and, after pre-treatment with cement mortar, slabs or stretching are laid.
4. Installation of rings.
The rings go down one by one. The pipe passages are sealed to prevent cracks after concrete shrinkage, the joints between the rings are sealed with cement and treated with silicone grease for sealing.
5. Septic tank treatment wells.
Wells are made with a depth of 1 m, pipes are placed in them, inside which crushed stone is poured to protect the walls from organic plaque.
6. Sewer pipes.
It is necessary to ensure the unhindered movement of water between the tanks. To do this, the pipe is brought into the well, the first in a row, at a slight angle, and in each subsequent one it is placed 20 cm lower.
7. Waterproofing.
The outer walls of the sewer are treated with clay.
8. Cover.
Finally, a plastic hatch is placed on a septic tank made of concrete rings.
Tips for installing a septic tank for giving yourself:
- So that the sewer does not freeze, the rings should be insulated.
- A ventilation hole is desirable on each container of a concrete septic tank.
- The strength of the structure is increased if the rings are connected with metal brackets.
- A manhole cover helps to monitor the condition of the septic tank.
- Rental of special equipment will facilitate the construction of a septic tank.
Professional installation rates
The cost of installing a turnkey septic tank depends on the size of the sewer. On average, the price of one ring is 2000. The cost of work is 2500 rubles.
The cost of drainage is 7,500 rubles, installation with the necessary pipes and insulation - 14,000, running pipes into the house - 2,500 with a column foundation and 6,000 with a strip foundation.
Also, once every few years (depending on the intensity of use), the services of cesspool cleaning companies will be required. Prices start from 1000 rubles per 1 m3.
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