When choosing a reliable and practical septic tank for a country house or a country house, you should pay attention to concrete structures. The device of a septic tank made of concrete rings meets almost all the requirements of modern users and has a lot of advantages. In particular, the treatment plant does not require power supply, which is especially important for areas where there are power outages.
Benefits of concrete treatment plants
Monolithic structures have a lot of advantages, for example, over plastic systems:
- Resistance to mechanical damage.
- Tightness.
Important! Monolithic structures have greater tightness, in contrast to the sump of composite rings. But in any case, additional sealing of the seams will be required.
- Big mass. In contrast to plastic wells, concrete wells do not float even during periods of swelling of the soil.
- Long service life.
- Ease of maintenance.
You can install a monolithic concrete simple tank or a sump of rings with your own hands, but due to the heavy mass, it is better to take care of the availability of special lifting equipment.
The device of a septic tank made of concrete, the principle of operation
It is better to mount septic tanks from concrete rings on draining soils that are not prone to frost swelling. Structurally, the body of a septic tank is two or more rings placed one on top of the other. The presence of protrusions for fixing, brackets is a big plus, however, even with such a fastening, the well design can move, resulting in a leak, which will require repair.
Advice! Even after renovation, the concrete septic tank may be damaged, therefore it is recommended to mount the structure on sandy, sandy loam or clay-peat soils.
In case of good drainage and/or low ground aquifer, it is possible to divert water from the sump to a drain column - this is the best solution. At a high occurrence, the cleaned streams are brought to the filtration fields.
The scheme of the sump is quite simple: it consists of working chambers interconnected by overflows and a filter or drainage well. In the chambers, sewage is cleaned, the well is designed to discharge water into the ground, where the flows are further cleaned in a natural way.
The sewage treatment process is as follows:
- The first chamber receives all plums. This is a hermetic ring equipped with a bottom, where, under conditions of low air intake, the process of biomass decomposition by microorganisms takes place. Organics are separated into slightly purified water and sediment that falls to the bottom.
- The clarified water flows into the second chamber, where the purification process continues, but under the influence of oxygen. For this, the chamber must be equipped with a ventilation pipe. The remains of organic matter also settle to the bottom, but almost pure water enters the reservoir of the drainage well.
- From the drainage well, water is discharged into the ground, where the cleaning process is completed.
From the two chambers, bottom residues must be removed with your own hands or by means of a cesspool.
Possible septic tank schemes
To calculate the number of septic tank rings, it is necessary to take into account the total volume of wastewater for 3 days. The diameter of the elements can be 80-200 cm, but there are dimensions up to 250 cm. The height is from 0.5 to 1 m. Manufacturers offer a sufficient number of finished elements, both monolithic and with holes. When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account the actual volume of the column - it must be higher than the calculated one, since the drains never completely fill the elements, but only reach the level of the overflow pipes.
Do-it-yourself installation of a septic tank requires not only preliminary calculations, but also the choice of an option. It can be a well of one, two, three rings, as well as supplemented by a system of drainage or storage wells.
Single chamber septic tank
The scheme of the simplest device consists in the presence of only one ring equipped with a bottom. The chamber functions as a sump where solid masses settle to the bottom, decomposing under the action of anaerobic microorganisms. Light inclusions rise to the top, forming a film. The settled water exits through a branch pipe into the filtration fields.
The advantage of this system is simplicity, installation does not require serious costs and everything can be done by hand. The ring is selected from the bottom, equipped only with a lid, plus filtration fields are equipped. The design is applicable with a small amount of wastewater (no more than 1m3 / day). Such a septic tank made of concrete rings is not suitable for a country house of permanent residence, does not require sealing, but timely cleaning of bottom sediments is necessary.
Important! The sewage treatment plant operates at 60-75%, so the wastewater needs additional post-treatment.
The disadvantage of the design is the frequent clogging of the pipeline of filtration fields due to solid insoluble particles that have not had time to settle. The installation of a two-element treatment plant minimizes the situation.
Two-chamber septic tank
This system of wells differs from the previous one with an additional chamber or partition in one concrete tank. The movement of flows is carried out by means of an overflow pipe, and the second chamber allows more thorough filtering of organic matter.
The installation scheme includes the presence of two or more rings, one (the first) is equipped with a bottom, and the second can be without a bottom, but then an additional gravel filter is needed. In terms of height, the elements are calculated in accordance with the volume of wastewater required for processing. Advantages of a two-ring septic tank:
- High percentage of wastewater treatment;
- Low risk of pipeline blockage;
- Increasing the service life of treatment facilities and filtration fields.
Important! Arrangement of the structure requires equipping both chambers with hatches for technical work.
Disadvantages of a septic tank:
- Requires a large amount of land work;
- Arrangement of filtration fields is necessary;
- The design is shown for the processing of wastewater, the volume of which is not more than 3m3 / day.
Three-chamber settling tank with a deep cleaning system and forced aeration
This is already an almost perfect design, ideal for small houses all year round. Scheme of the treatment plant:
- The first chamber is a sump with anaerobic bacteria;
- The second chamber is a sump for the processing of residual masses, equipped with an aerobic aeration unit (compressor). The device with a given power and frequency supplies air into the chamber, due to which the functionality of microorganisms that process organic masses is launched;
- The third chamber is the pumping chamber. Effluent is filtered, then discharged into filtration wells. This chamber can be supplemented with chlorination dispensers that operate in automatic mode. Installation of dispensers is simple, everything is done by hand.
Important! A chlorination dispenser is a device that helps to completely disinfect waste streams before being discharged into the ground.
Regardless of the design features, rings for septic tanks are selected taking into account the volume of wastewater. Multi-chamber systems have the best recyclability, but with a linear installation method, they take up a lot of space on the site. The single-chamber system is quite compact, however, it requires the equipment of filtration fields for thorough cleaning.
Advice! The first cleaning chamber is always equipped with a cast bottom. In the absence of a bottom near the ring, a concrete screed is equipped or a slab is laid. Joints and seams are sealed inside and out
The device of a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands is a matter that requires preliminary accurate calculations. Otherwise, you can get a design that either cannot cope with the processing of wastewater due to their abundance, or will be half idle. Downtime negatively affects the colonies of microorganisms, which die due to a lack of nutrient biomass.
The arrangement of elements is allowed free. A standard septic tank contains a bottom ring, wall rings, an upper one equipped with a hatch hole and a lid mount. Additionally, additional rings are used, which can be of standard or non-standard height and, as a rule, are needed when the soil shrinks.
Advice! Professionals believe that a large number of additional rings negatively affect the sealing of the structure and it is incorrect to carry out installation only through such elements. It is easier to choose a bottom element of the desired height and wall (one, two) rings. The presence of fewer joints is a guarantee of greater tightness of the tank.
General rules for arranging reinforced concrete septic tanks
- The choice of rings with locks will facilitate the overall construction of the system: easier to install, higher degree of sealing.
- The optimal distance between the columns is 0.5 m;
- Bottom rings are set perfectly evenly for the strength and durability of the entire column;
- The use of toxic compounds for sealing is contraindicated, as this will lead to the death of bacteria that process biomass;
- The top ring of the septic tank must be insulated to minimize the risk of ice crust formation;
- The ring for the filtration well must be perforated (perforated). The element is sold ready-made and requires only installation and addition of a filtration layer.
The do-it-yourself design option for a reinforced concrete septic tank is more practical in terms of financial and time costs. Due to the fact that all earthworks are easily done by hand, there is no need to provide electricity (except for septic tanks with aerators and pumps), the treatment plant is considered the most suitable for small cottages and country houses.
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