The sewerage scheme of concrete rings is one of the most popular among those that can be done on the site with your own hands. However, in order for it to work with maximum efficiency, it is important not to make mistakes at the main stages:
- determination of the required volume,
- design choice,
- choice of installation location,
- installation of sewerage system and communications.
Sewerage for a private house made of concrete rings has undeniable advantages:
- structural durability,
- mechanical strength and rigidity,
- relatively low material cost,
- resistance of concrete to corrosion processes under the influence of moisture and chemically active substances,
- fast assembly.
When choosing, consider the disadvantages:
- Concrete has good hygroscopicity, therefore tank walls need waterproofing. Otherwise, untreated water will partially seep into the ground.
- Due to the large mass of the rings Installation requires special equipment which will require additional costs.
Installation and its nuances
Features of the material are directly related to some of the nuances of installation, characteristic of all types of sewers in this category, regardless of the design chosen.
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The principle of operation of various designs
Depending on the conditions in which sewerage from concrete rings is used, the scheme is selected optimally suitable for them.
- Single chamber models often chosen for a summer residence or a country house with seasonal residence. They require periodic cleaning with a vacuum cleaner.
- The frequency of pumping out two-chamber structures noticeably less. Such options are often considered universal. With the right choice of volume and proper installation, they provide a fairly high degree of cleaning, while such models require less space on the site than three-chamber ones, it is easier for them to find a place that meets all sanitary requirements.
- Three-chamber country sewerage from concrete rings is also suitable for private houses with permanent residence, as well as for summer cottages, where, in addition to a washbasin and toilet, there is a shower, a full bathroom, and a washing machine. A system of this type is able to provide high quality cleaning with mixed (organic substances and chemical components, including detergents) pollution. Among septic tanks with three chambers, volatile ones are distinguished (they effluents are cleaned due to the vital activity of aerobic bacteria) and non-volatile ones. The former are distinguished by a shorter processing cycle and efficiency, the latter by the absence of operating costs.
Calculation of the volume of sewerage and standard sizes of rings
The total volume of the treatment plant depends on the average daily water consumption of all residents of the house. It, in turn, can be calculated by points of consumption (shower, washbasin, etc.), but it is much easier to use the accepted value - 200 liters per day for each person.
The water purification cycle is approximately three days, during which wastewater must be collected in the sewer system. Thus, for a family of three, the required volume is calculated as follows:
3 (persons) x 200 (liters) x 3 (days) = 1800 liters (or 1.8 cubic meters).
- When choosing a single-chamber model, the entire volume falls on a single container.
- In a two-chamber design, the storage tank is 3/4 of the total volume, and 1/4 falls on the second chamber.
- In a three-chamber septic tank, the storage is 2/3 of the volume, and 1/3 falls on the second and third chambers in total (most often they have the same dimensions).
Many homeowners use only one ring size for all sewer tanks.
During installation, three concrete rings are usually stacked on top of each other. A smaller number is impractical due to insufficient capacity, a larger one can reduce the reliability of the design.
Since standard concrete rings have the same height - 900 mm, the volume is determined by their diameter. Many enterprises offer the manufacture of reinforced concrete products with any parameters to order, however, such rings will cost more and increase the overall cost of the structure. It is permissible to use rings with an inner diameter of 700 to 2000 mm for the construction of tanks, however, in most cases, preference is given to the two most common sizes: KTs-10 (KS-10) and KTs-20 (KS-20). The numbers in the marking indicate the size of the inner diameter in decimeters.
Elements of the sewerage scheme
A septic tank or a sewage treatment plant is the main structural element, but this is far from the whole sewerage device made of concrete rings - the scheme includes other elements that should be discussed separately.
Sewer pipes leading to the storage tank must have a slope of 2 cm per meter if the liquid is transported by gravity, without the use of a pump.
SNiP strictly regulates the installation of manholes along the entire length of the pipeline:
- at the junctions of lines
- when changing parameters (slope of communications or their diameter),
- when bending the pipeline.
For rectilinear communications, the distance between the manholes is determined by the diameter of the pipeline:
- up to 150 mm - 35 meters,
- 200 mm - 50 meters.
In summer cottages, sewerage is not installed too far from the house, so the number of wells is rarely more than 1-2.
For energy-dependent modifications, a ventilation pipe is required, as well as an air compressor, which is better to choose with the ability to control performance and with a timer.
In the sewerage system in the country house made of concrete rings, the bottom filter is not suitable in all cases for the effective drainage of purified water. Dense soils (clay and loam) do not have good water permeability, which reduces the rate of drainage. As an auxiliary device, perforated pipes can be used that come out of the lower part of the chamber with purified water (the second or third, depending on the design) have plugs at the ends and are located parallel to the ground at a shallow depth. Such devices increase the drainage area.
In the case of a very high clay content in the soil, it is preferable to have a suction pump that will transport the treated water to a drainage ditch or irrigation tank. In the second case, the water quality requires testing in the laboratory.
Another option for arranging sewerage on the site is. How to do it, you can learn from another article.
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Placement of a septic tank
It may seem that in order to ensure the slope of the sewer pipeline, it is easier to install concrete sewer rings in the lowland, however, in this case, rain and melt water will enter the tank, overflowing it.
Reservoirs must be installed no closer than 5 meters from a residential building, and also maintain a distance to sources of drinking water (30-50 meters) and 30 meters to open reservoirs.
Installation of concrete rings for sewerage video
How to make a sewer from concrete rings is shown in the video.
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