Switchboard device
A distribution substation is a room in which an electrical input and a switchboard are located. Its task is to provide electricity to a number of buildings and structures.
Electrical panel includes:
- introductory devices for overhead and cable power lines;
- distribution mechanisms: power switches, disconnectors, busbar systems and sections, measuring instruments.
A distribution substation is a place of increased fire hazard, the entrance to which is available only to service personnel.
Fire safety in the electrical room
The most stringent requirements are put forward for the organization of fire safety (FS) of distribution substations.
Cables from electrical panels backup sources power supply to the input distribution devices are laid only in separate fire-resistant channels or are equipped with fire protection.
The design of switchboards should provide for preventing the spread of combustion beyond its limits from the low-current compartment to the power one and vice versa.
Switchboard rooms are equipped with natural ventilation and electric lighting, the temperature in them cannot be lower than 5°C.
The entrance door of the distribution substation is made of fireproof materials with a fire resistance limit of 0.6 hours or more.
The room of the switchboard is equipped with a sign indicating the data on the person responsible for the safety. Inside the room there should be electrical protective equipment and personal protective equipment, auxiliary elements and first aid equipment for the victims.
Gas fire extinguishing in the electrical room
There are a number of objects where water and powder as fire extinguishing agents are unacceptable. In such buildings and premises, gas installations fire extinguishing.
Gas effectively fights fires in such places:
- banks;
- libraries, archives and museums;
- server.
Gas fire extinguishing is used to protect instruments and control panels of nuclear power plants, telecommunications centers, computer rooms and switchboards.
Installation of automatic installations gas fire extinguishing in distribution rooms is determined by the following factors:
- Extinguishing with gas does not harm property and equipment. Suppressing a fire at the very beginning of a fire helps to limit the potential damage caused directly by the fire.
- Modern gas compositions are harmless to humans within 5 minutes after their release, that is, fire extinguishing can begin even before the complete evacuation of people.
- Fire detection occurs almost instantly, the extinguishing system turns on immediately and begins to suppress the fire.
- Convenient and easy-to-use devices are self-contained gas fire extinguishing agents based on solid gas-generating compositions. They work both without human intervention, and with his help. Self-contained fire extinguishers can be hand-held or placed directly above sources of danger.
Powder is also used to extinguish fire in switchboards, but its effectiveness is much lower than that of gas. Gas extinguishing agent penetrates even into hard-to-reach corners of the room, preventing the spread of fire.
The powder negatively affects metal, rubber and plastic, and the gas does not harm them.
To remove the remnants of the gas composition, it is only necessary to ventilate the room, and traces of the powder require careful cleaning.
Gas fire extinguishing in the switchboard will protect equipment and people in case of fire, while maintaining the integrity of devices and cables after its use.
For many premises such as museums, banking institutions, server rooms and many others, the use of a gas fire extinguishing system is expedient and justified. Electrical cabinets are no exception. Contact of electrical equipment with water leads to negative consequences, so the use of a gas fire extinguishing system in this case is an economically viable and safe option.
Fire safety of switchboards
Distribution substation - a room of increased fire hazard, in which an electrical input and a switchboard are located. The main functional purpose of this room is associated with the provision of electricity to several buildings and premises. As part of the switchboard, distribution devices are distinguished: power switches, disconnectors, measuring instruments and input mechanisms for transmission lines.
For the proper organization of fire safety at such stations, special requirements are imposed:
- Electrical rooms must be equipped with a ventilation system temperature regime(not lower than 5°C) and electric lighting.
- Cables from the power source to the input distribution equipment are laid in special pockets with a high degree of fire protection.
- Distribution boards must be designed in such a way that in the event of a fire, a fire does not spread outside the power compartment.
- The door of the distribution substation must be made of materials that are resistant to high temperatures and fire.
- A sign must be installed on the switchboard, which indicates information about the person responsible for fire safety.
- Personal protective equipment, additional devices, medical supplies for emergency care should be placed inside the premises.
Benefits of using gas fire extinguishing
Gas fire extinguishing acts as the only effective way fire fighting in electrical rooms. This type of fire extinguishing has a number of undeniable advantages:
- no negative impact on equipment, no damage to property;
- harmlessness to humans;
- lightning speed of extinguishing a fire (no more than half a minute);
- environmental friendliness (does not cause a "greenhouse effect", the absence of toxic components in the composition, etc.);
- convenience and ease of use.
In addition, the gaseous substance seeps even into hard-to-reach places, subsequently, to eliminate the remaining gas, it is enough to ventilate the rooms.
Gas fire extinguishing protects electrical equipment from the negative effects of fire, while cables and devices maintain the integrity of the structure.
Used in electrical panels. Gas fire extinguishing is used in complexes of modular and centralized varieties. Most often, systems of the first type are used - in this case, gases are pumped into special cylinders equipped with a shut-off and starting device. The following elements are used as a fire extinguishing agent: inert gases, freon or carbon dioxide.
Compared with water or powder types, it has a number of undeniable advantages. Thanks to the use of a gas fire extinguishing complex, it is possible to minimize damage from fire. This reliable and efficient system is a cost-effective option for on-site electrical control rooms.
Estimated cost of the electrical part: 75.000 rubles.
The cost of the technological part is specified according to the project.
Implementation period: 4 working days installation and commissioning + 30 calendar days manufacturing of fire extinguishing modules.
For extinguishing indoor fires switchboards and main switchboards the use of powder or water as a fire extinguishing agent is not recommended. Therefore, especially for switchboard use gas fire extinguishing- absolutely harmless to equipment and most effective against fire.
Gas fire extinguishing- This is a type of fire extinguishing, in which gas fire extinguishing compositions are used to extinguish fires and fires. Automatic gas fire extinguishing installation usually consists of cylinders or containers for storing a gas fire extinguishing composition (GOS), gas stored in these cylinders (tanks), control units, pipelines and nozzles that ensure the delivery and release of gas into the protected room, a control panel and fire detectors.
In the presented typical solution gas fire extinguishing system in main switchboard made in accordance with fire safety standards and building codes and regulations. It should be noted that the solution complies with the updated requirements of SP 5.13130-2009 in the field of using non-flammable cable for communication lines, as well as monitoring the integrity of communication lines for supplying light displays "Exit" and sound annunciators.
Key advantages of this solution:
- Full compliance with all fire safety standards. The design solution meets all the requirements of the Ministry of Emergency Situations for St. Petersburg.
- High fire extinguishing ability of gas.
- Instantaneous detonation and rapid fire extinguishing.
- Extinguishing gas is absolutely harmless to active network equipment.
- Reliability. manufacturer.
Briefly on the composition of the gas fire extinguishing installation in the main switchboard(the calculation was made for a room with an electrical panel area of 25 m2):
- Fire extinguishing control device S2000-ASPT - 1 pc.
- Smoke fire detector IP 212-87 - 4 pcs.
- Manual start button UDP-513-10 - 1 pc.
- Sound siren "Mayak-24KPM" - 1 pc.
- Security magnetic contact sensor IO-102-20 - 1 pc.
- Light board KOP-25 "Exit" - 1 pc.
- Light panel KOP-25 "Automatics disabled" - 2 pcs.
- Light board KOP-25 "Gas, go away!" - 1 PC.
- Light panel KOP-25 "Gas, do not enter!" - 1 PC.
To build a system fire alarm and alerts need to be used only flame retardant cable, for example, KPSEng (A) -FRLS 1x2x0.75 or similar in terms of characteristics.
It is recommended to power the unit from a separate circuit breaker at 5A. All wiring must be done only in a closed way in strobes, cable channels, corrugated pipe or behind false ceiling. It is not recommended to lay the cable in the floor screed, since further maintenance or replacement of the cable will be practically impossible.
The principle of operation of the gas fire extinguishing installation in the main switchboard.
The main control of the system is carried out using the S2000-ASPT device.
Control panel and control device for automatic fire extinguishers and alarms S2000-ASPT designed for autonomous or centralized (as part of the Orion system) fire protection of industrial and civil facilities in one zone of powder, aerosol or gas fire extinguishing.
The device allows you to:
Monitoring the status of three fire alarm loops, the door status sensor circuit, the manual start sensor circuit, the fire extinguishing agent (OTV) output control circuit, the fire extinguishing installation equipment serviceability circuit;
Monitoring the health of the launch circuits for open and short circuits;
Adjustable time delay before starting fire extinguishing agents, separately for each mode, for automatic start, for remote (manual) start;
Transfer of service and alarm messages to the network controller (console "S2000", "S2000M", "S2000-KS", workstation "Orion");
Remote launch of fire extinguishing equipment on command from the network controller;
Manual start of fire extinguishing means from manual start sensors;
Manual (from the panel of the device) or remote (by a command from the network controller) reset of the fire alarm and the mode of starting fire extinguishing means;
Automatic launch of fire extinguishing equipment when two fire detectors are triggered in one or two alarm loops;
Turning on the sound and light fire warning (siren, light panels);
Monitoring the health of the annunciator circuits for open and short circuits in the off and on state;
Management of technological equipment according to any of 22 internal control programs (valve ventilation system in the room, etc.);
Blocking of automatic start when opening doors to the protected premises;
Enabling (disabling) the automatic start mode using Dallas Touch Memory electronic keys;
Management of control and launch units "S2000-KPB" (up to 16 pcs.);
Restriction of access to manual controls on the front panel of the device (IV level of access);
Mechanical lock on the top cover of the device;
Control of opening of the case of the device;
Backup power supply from built-in battery;
Control of mains and backup power supply, shutdown of backup power when the battery is discharged;
Possibility of testing and advanced diagnostics of device operability with displaying the status of device nodes on 27 indicators;
The ability to individually disable zones or outputs of the device at the request of the user.In addition, S2000-ASPT fully complies with the requirements European standard EN54-2.
Starting circuit on gas fire extinguishing cylinder connected to the main output relay S2000-ASPT.
As detectors for detecting signs of fire are used smoke detectors IP 212-87.
Typical characteristics of gas fire extinguishing modules:
Degree of protection in accordance with GOST 14255 - 69: standard version - IP42.
Response pressure during pneumatic start-up, not less than, MPa (kgf/cm2) – 1.57(16).
Temperature environment during operation of modules with refrigerants - from minus 30 to plus 50.
Current strength when checking the integrity of the electromagnetic drive circuit, no more than, A - 0.1.
Average module life up to overhaul at least 25 years.
The number of operations within 25 years, at least, times - 10.
The gas fire extinguishing installation works as follows:
In the event of a fire in the protected room, fire detectors are triggered, which transmit a signal via the alarm loop to the ASPT control unit and then to the operator to open the locking and starting device and supply fire extinguishing gas through the pipeline to the switchgear and from there to the sprayers of the distribution pipeline. After the release of the calculated mass of fire extinguishing gas from the isothermal tank, the control unit closes the shut-off and starting device and the unit goes into standby mode.
Estimated price electrical part gas fire extinguishing installations in the main switchboard(the calculation was made for a room with an electrical panel area of 25 m2) on the Bolid equipment, including equipment, as well as all installation and commissioning, will be 75.000 RUB. The term of the project, subject to the provision of a full scope of work - 4 working days.
We are also ready to carry out a project for you gas fire extinguishing in the main switchboard. Price working documentation will approximately be 20.000 rub. When ordering a project + installation design executive documentation- is free!
To protect the switchboard, transformer booths, we recommend using an innovative product that can detect and automatically eliminate the source at the moment of ignition in seconds.
How many fire extinguishers do you need in an electrical room?
These standards establish a methodology for determining the categories of premises and buildings in terms of explosion and fire hazard, depending on the quantity and fire and explosion hazardous properties of the substances and materials located (circulating) in them, taking into account the characteristics of the technological processes of the production facilities located in them, as well as the methodology for determining the categories of outdoor installations of production and storage fire hazard assignment.
According to the explosion and fire hazard, the premises are divided into categories A, B, C1 - C4, D and D, and buildings - into categories A, B, C, D and D.
SP 9.13130.2009
Chapter 4 reads:
4. Requirements for the operation of fire extinguishers
4.1. Choice of fire extinguishers
4.1.1. The number, type and rank of fire extinguishers necessary to protect a particular object are established based on the category of the protected premises, the magnitude of the fire load, the physicochemical and fire hazardous properties of the circulating combustible materials, the nature of their possible interaction with fire extinguishing agents, the size of the protected object, etc.
4.1.2. Depending on the charge, powder fire extinguishers are used to extinguish fires of classes ABCE, BCE or class D.
4.1.3. Powder fire extinguishers are prohibited (without preliminary tests in accordance with GOST R 51057 or GOST R 51017) to extinguish electrical equipment energized above 1000 V.
4.1.4. To extinguish class D fires, fire extinguishers must be charged with a special powder that is recommended for extinguishing this combustible substance, and equipped with a special dampener to reduce the speed and kinetic energy of the powder jet. The parameters and number of fire extinguishers are determined based on the specifics of the circulating fire hazardous materials, their dispersion and the possible fire area.
4.1.5. When extinguishing a fire with powder fire extinguishers, additional measures must be taken to cool the heated elements of equipment or building structures.
4.1.6. Powder fire extinguishers should not be used to protect equipment that could be damaged by powder (certain types of electronic equipment, collector-type electrical machines, etc.).
4.1.7. Due to the high dust content during their operation and, as a result, the sharply deteriorating visibility of the fire and escape routes, as well as the irritating effect of the powder on the respiratory system, it is not recommended to use powder fire extinguishers in small rooms (less than 40 m3).
4.1.9. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers must not be used to extinguish fires in electrical equipment energized above 10 kV.
4.1.10. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with a water vapor content in carbon dioxide of more than 0.006% wt. and with an OTV jet length of less than 3 m, it is forbidden to use it to extinguish electrical equipment that is energized above 1000 V.
4.1.11. A carbon dioxide fire extinguisher fitted with a metal bell must not be used to extinguish fires in live electrical equipment.
4.1.12. Powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with nozzles or sockets made of dielectric materials, due to the possible formation of static electricity discharges, are not allowed to be used at non-sparking or weak electrification objects (GOST 12.2.037, GOST 12.1.018).
4.1.13. At objects with an increased explosion hazard and a degree of electrostatic spark hazard of class E1 or E2, the use of powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with nozzles or sockets made of dielectric materials is not allowed due to the possibility of accumulating static electricity charges on them.
4.1.14. Freon fire extinguishers should be used in cases where effective fire extinguishing requires fire extinguishing compositions that do not damage protected equipment and objects (computer centers, electronic equipment, museum exhibits, archives, etc.).
4.1.15. Air-foam extinguishers are used to extinguish class A fires (usually with a barrel of low expansion foam) and class B fires.
4.1.16. Air-foam fire extinguishers should not be used to extinguish fires in equipment under electric voltage, to extinguish strongly heated or molten substances, as well as substances that enter into a chemical reaction with water, which is accompanied by intense heat release and fuel spraying.
4.1.17. Water extinguishers should be used on class A fires and, if the charge contains a fluorosurfactant, class B.
4.1.18. Air emulsion fire extinguishers are recommended for class A and B fires.
4.1.19. Do not use fire extinguishers with a charge of water based for extinguishing fires in equipment under electrical voltage, for extinguishing highly heated or molten substances, as well as substances that enter into a chemical reaction with water, which is accompanied by intense heat generation and fuel spraying.
It is possible to use for extinguishing fires of electrical equipment under voltage up to 1000 V water or air-emulsion fire extinguishers with a fine spray of OTV, which have passed electrical safety tests in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 51057 or GOST R 51017 in an accredited laboratory.
4.1.20. If a significant fire source is possible at the protected object (the supposed spillage of flammable liquid may occur on an area of more than 1 m2), mobile fire extinguishers must be used.
4.1.21. Rooms equipped with automatic settings fire extinguishing, provide fire extinguishers by 50% based on their estimated number.
4.1.22. If combined fires are possible at the facility, then preference when choosing a fire extinguisher should be given to a fire extinguisher that is more versatile in terms of application (out of those recommended for protecting this facility) and has a higher rank.
4.1.23. Public and industrial buildings and structures must have at least two portable fire extinguishers on each floor.
4.1.24. Two or more fire extinguishers with a lower rank cannot replace a fire extinguisher with a higher rank, but only supplement it (an exception can be made only for air-foam and air-emulsion fire extinguishers).
4.1.25. When choosing fire extinguishers, one should take into account the compliance of their temperature range of use and climatic design with the operating conditions at the protected facility.
4.1.26. It is allowed to use fire extinguishers certified in accordance with the established procedure at the protected object.
4.1.27. Fire extinguishers must be put into operation in a fully charged and operable condition, with a sealed control unit for the starting (for fire extinguishers with a source of displacing gas) or shut-off and starting (for pump-in fire extinguishers) device. They must be in their assigned places during the entire period of operation.
4.1.28. The calculation of the required number of fire extinguishers should be carried out for each room and object separately.
4.1.29. If there are several small rooms of the same category of fire hazard nearby, the number of necessary fire extinguishers is determined taking into account the total area of \u200b\u200bthese rooms.
4.1.30. The process equipment is completed with fire extinguishers in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation for this equipment or the relevant fire safety rules.
4.1.31. The acquisition of imported equipment with fire extinguishers is carried out in accordance with the terms of the contract for its supply, which should not contradict the requirements of Russian ND.
4.1.32. A person responsible for the acquisition, maintenance and control of the condition of fire extinguishers must be identified at the facility.
4.1.33. Each fire extinguisher installed at the facility must have a serial number and a special passport. Accounting for checking the availability and condition of fire extinguishers should be kept in a log in the recommended form (Appendix D).
4.1.34. For the period of repair or recharging, fire extinguishers are replaced with the same type in the same quantity.
4.1.36. The determination of the required number of fire extinguishers to protect a particular object is carried out according to Appendix N 3 of the rules.
4.1.38. When choosing fire extinguishing agents depending on the classes of fires, it is recommended to be guided by Appendix B.
4.1.39. When choosing and placing fire extinguishers on vehicles, one should be guided by the recommendations of Appendix B.
4.1.40. Use of fire extinguishers for other purposes is not allowed.
There are a number of premises, in the protection of which preference is given in favor of automatic fire fighting system should be produced selectively, not only from the point of view of economic benefits, but also taking into account the specifics of the premises and all legal regulations. The choice of gas fire extinguishing, which is more expensive than water, but more effective for solving most problems, demonstrates a reasonable approach based on a rational calculation of all material and energy costs.
Gas fire extinguishing in switchboards, server rooms or data centers is the only right choice for several reasons:
- modern high-quality gas installations and components automatic systems trademark EUSEBI IMPIANTI is a reliable high-tech equipment that our company offers to customers at competitive prices;
- fire extinguishing agent - gas, is the only substance that is not aggressive to the object of protection, including electrical equipment, which is energized. Extinguishing a fire at an early stage of its development allows you to minimize the damage from damage to equipment.
Automatic gas fire extinguishing in switchboards
The effectiveness of automatic fire extinguishing with gas is due to the rapid detection of fires and the immediate (about 30 seconds) operation of the installation. This period of time is necessary for the evacuation of people who are strictly unacceptable to be in the room at the time of extinguishing the fire. Non-toxic inhibitors and deoxidants reduce the oxygen content to a critical level, carbon dioxide in humans causes suffocation. When designing gas fire extinguishing at a facility, KompaS specialists take into account the location of the electrical room, evacuation routes and the number of people operating the building. The duration of the gas release delay after the alarm has been triggered can be increased (by 10-15 seconds).
In some cases, powder is used to extinguish switchboards, but experts see significant drawbacks in this option:
a) there is no guarantee of complete elimination of fires,
b) getting on the metal, the powder causes corrosion, damages rubber and plastic,
c) the difficulty of cleaning up after extinguishing the fire.
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