Sometimes it happens that the vegetables in the garden begin to lag behind in growth, the leaves change color, and the fruits are poorly tied or take on an ugly shape. The thought immediately comes - an infection, how and with what to treat. However, take your time. Perhaps non-communicable diseases have settled in your beds. They appear either due to insufficient care and violation of the requirements for their cultivation, or under the negative influence environment.
How to determine the lack of nutrition in a plant
It is possible to determine whether plants have enough nutrients by their appearance.
- The lack of nutrients is immediately reflected in the leaves - their shape, size and color.
- On the other hand, the violation of the norms of fertilization adversely affects the physiology of plants and leads to the accumulation of hazardous substances.
Of course, it is difficult to immediately determine how much and what fertilizers need to be applied to the garden.
- It would be nice to know the composition of the soil in your area by the ratio of nutrients, as well as determine the acidity of the soil.
- It will depend on this what and in what quantity you will bring under the plants in the fall, spring or as top dressing in the summer.
Table: The content of plant nutrients in organic fertilizers of the BIO MARE trademark.
BIO FISH | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BIO ALGO | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BIO FLORA | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BIO MIX |
Application:
0.005 ml/1 l of water and 50 ml/10 l water
A photo: organic fertilizers trademark "BIO MARE" with a high content of elementsnutrition for plants.
Table 1. Signs of nutritional deficiencies in plants
How to eliminate the lack of nutrition in plants?
If you find any signs of mineral starvation in plants, you need to make up for the lack of nutrients. For these purposes, root dressing with the missing element is well suited.
Apply fertilizer at the following dosage:
- nitrogen 1-3 g per 1 m²,
- phosphorus 1-2 g per 1 m²,
- potassium 1 g per 1 m².
Table 2. Types of mineral fertilizers
Signs of a micronutrient deficiency
In addition to the main nutrients, there may be a lack of trace elements. Here, the attitude towards these elements is quite selective in different cultures.
If plants lack boron
Receive good harvest cauliflower, tomatoes, beets are difficult for boron starvation.
- The first sign of this problem is the death of the growth point. Plants cease to grow normally, bush, the yield decreases, the fruits take on an ugly appearance.
- In beets, this disease is called heart rot.
Top dressing with a solution of boric acid will help change the situation.
If plants lack iron
The culprit for the manifestation of these signs may be a lack of iron:
- The disappearance of the green color of the leaves (chlorosis), primarily between the veins of the leaf, leads to a decrease in the processes of photosynthesis.
- The plant lags behind in development, growth stops.
The presence of this element during the period of growth and fruiting of plants is especially important.
If plants lack manganese
Beets, potatoes, cabbage more often than others can react to the absence or lack of manganese:
- manifests itself most often in the appearance of small yellowish spots on the leaves, gradually spreading to the entire leaf, leaving only the veins green.
If plants lack copper
Vegetable crops are often susceptible to copper starvation:
- may cause a partial change, to a lighter one, in the color of the leaves and their wilting,
- stunted growth of plants, fruits and seeds are slowly formed in them.
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02.05.2018
Providing crops with all the necessary nutrients is one of the priorities of agriculture. But how to determine the lack of one or another element in the event of its deficiency in the early stages of plant vegetation? There are some visual clues that help you quickly and accurately identify the problem without special laboratory tests. Operational diagnostics of mineral nutrition of crops is based on the analysis of external signs (color, shape, size of leaves, duration of vegetation, energy of current growth, etc.) of plants and allows you to timely introduce necessary fertilizers in order to prevent the deterioration of their development and reduce yields.
Among the three macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) that are crucial for the life of a plant organism, the most important in the early stages of its development is nitrogen (N). Nitrogen nutrition determines the size of the crop and its quality, so a timely detection of nitrogen deficiency and timely feeding helps to avoid possible losses. In plants, nitrogen is part of proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, alkaloids, vitamins, as well as chlorophyll and chloroplasts, so its deficiency primarily affects the color and color intensity of the vegetative part of plants.
The first signs of a lack of this element on a plant cucumber manifested by the cessation of growth of new shoots, a decrease in the size of the leaves and a change in their color. First, there is a decrease in the intensity of the green color, the leaves turn pale, then turn yellow and die. At the same time, the flowering of the cucumber and, accordingly, the formation of the ovary are sharply reduced, the fruits are formed curved, with a pointed and bent tip, painted in a light green color. At corn a lack of nitrogen causes a yellow-green color of the leaves, thinning of the stems of plants. The oldest lower leaves turn yellow in the direction from the top to the stem, and then the first signs of necrosis appear on their tips, which can later lead to the death of the entire leaf.
For cereal crops with a deficiency of nitrogen nutrition, weak tillering, pale green color of the leaves and staining of the stems in reddish or purple color, inhibited growth, shortening of inflorescences, spikes (above) and panicles (below) are characteristic. At cabbage a lack of nitrogen is evidenced by the lower leaves, painted in a yellowish-pink color. With severe nitrogen starvation, the crop may not produce a crop at all. An important element nutrition is nitrogen and for potatoes. Signs of its deficiency are manifested in stunting, lightening and yellowing, and then twisting the lower leaves of plants with edges inward (cup-shaped), the formation of small tubers. At tomatoes on the reverse side of the yellowed lower leaves, the appearance of a purple color can be observed.
Role phosphorus (P) in plant life consists mainly in providing the energy processes of the cell. It is part of nucleic acids, participates in the regulation of respiratory processes and supports photosynthesis, plays a significant role in cell division and growth, as well as in the transmission of hereditary information. Its deficiency is very detrimental to the formation of the root system of plants, buds and seeds.
External manifestations of phosphorus nutrition deficiency are expressed in a change in the color of the leaves, suspension of growth of the root and aerial parts of crops. As a rule, visual signs are found on young plants: the edges of the lower (older) leaves corn acquire a red-violet hue, and the leaves themselves become dark green, with a bluish tinge, in color. Plant stems become thinner and shorter. Brown or dark spots may appear along the edges of the lower leaves. At cucumber the shade of old leaves changes to reddish or bluish, the growth of shoots and fruits slows down, leaf formation decreases, and the leaves themselves become small.
Phosphorus deficiency in the diet cereals leads to weak tillering and the formation of fruitful stems. On stems, leaves and veins appear dark spots. Old leaves change green to yellow-brown with a red tint. There is also shortening and thinning of the stems. For beets(sugar and leaf) with a lack of phosphorus, the loss of luster in the leaves and the acquisition of a light bronze tint by them are characteristic. At cabbage in this case growth is stunted and a purplish hue appears along the veins on the underside of older leaves.
Reddening of the lower part of old leaves, and then of the whole plant, is observed with phosphorus deficiency in tomatoes. In addition, the fruits are formed late and quite small. Lack of phosphorus in the diet potatoes significantly reduces the number of tubers in the plant and their quality. You can visually identify the problem by the leaves of the culture: they lose their luster, their edges twist up, burns appear on them. Sunflower reacts to a lack of phosphorus by the appearance of brownish-red spots on the lower leaves. Gradually dries up and dies off their middle. Sometimes the plant simply sheds its leaves, which makes it difficult to visually diagnose nutrient deficiencies.
Potassium (TO) is just as indispensable in plant nutrition as the previous two elements. It has a great influence on the resistance of crops to the adverse effects of the environment (helps to strengthen the mechanical strength of tissues, increases winter hardiness and drought resistance of plants) and to the occurrence of various diseases. Potassium is involved in the synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates in plant cells, normalizes the process of photosynthesis, and also regulates the osmotic pressure of cell sap.
Since potassium is actively involved in all plant growth processes, its lack in nutrition affects primarily the amount of formation of the vegetative mass. Potassium deficiency is reflected in the shape and color of the leaves. They can acquire an orange, purple, bluish-green color. Also often there is chlorosis of the leaves, their wrinkling, rusty spots with tiny holes on the surface of the leaves, a burn border appears on the edges.
In plants cucumber the appearance of a bronze border on the leaves is observed, the leaves darken and are deformed dome-shaped, the fruits are formed uneven: narrow from the stem and spherical at the top. Potassium deficiency in crops corn determined by yellowing and necrosis of the edges of the lower leaves. Plant stems are weak and easily lodging. Potassium deficiency leads to stem shortening, resulting in grain crops take on a shrubby appearance. And although cereals are quite resistant to the lack of this element, nevertheless, with an acute deficiency, they have poor tillering, shortening of the internodes of the stem, wrinkling and wilting of the lower leaves.
Cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, beets, gourds show increased sensitivity to a lack of potassium compounds in the diet. Leaves potatoes in case of severe starvation, they fade, acquire a bluish-green color, chlorotic spots appear between their veins. The stems of the plant droop and fall to the ground in a wilted brown mass. The harvest is usually meagre. At cabbage there is a bluish-green color of the leaves with interveinal chlorosis gradually appearing on them. Burn spots in the center of the leaf deform it dome-shaped, and the edges gradually bend upwards. Cabbage leaves of such plants grow hard and tasteless.
tomatoes under conditions of potassium starvation, they are delayed in growth, their stems become woody. The leaves turn gray-green in color and curl up at the edges. First, burn spots form on the lower, and then on the upper leaves, sometimes small yellow or orange spots. On the fruits, yellow or greenish areas with blurry contours can be distinguished.
To eliminate the deficiency of macronutrients in the nutrition of agricultural crops, it is necessary to carry out systematic actions to enrich the soil with the necessary fertilizers. This will prevent improper development and formation of plants and create favorable conditions for high quality yields.
Wanting to give the plants as much as possible, many people often use mineral fertilizers thoughtlessly. But not always "more" is a synonym for the word "better". Most often, cultures lack only one or two minerals, and we indulge them all at once. And often after that, the excess manifests itself much worse than the lack. Take a closer look at the plants, and they themselves will tell you what they lack.
BUTthot- pale or yellowed leaves, small size and early leaf necrosis, brittle stem. With an excess of nitrogen, the plant “fattens”, that is, it hits growth with a clear delay in flowering.
TOAliy- flowers are poorly formed or do not form at all, the leaves turn yellow or turn brown, often die off, and also twist down, wrinkle. With an excess of potassium, plant growth slows down.
Fosphorus – leaves are dark green, with a bluish tint, slow growth, early leaf fall, the plant is often affected by a fungus. With an excess of phosphorus, iron and zinc are poorly absorbed.
Fironically- the appearance of uniform chlorosis between the veins of the leaf, pale green and yellow color of the leaves without tissue death. Iron deficiency is most often manifested on carbonate and heavily limed soils.
MAgnes –
light or yellow leaves, possibly even red; chlorosis of leaf tissues between green veins, death of roots.
TOalcium- damage and death of apical buds and roots, death of the tip and edges of young leaves, in some of which the tip is bent in the form of a hook. Calcium deficiency is often noted in very acidic, especially sandy, soils.
FROMera- pale green color of leaves without tissue death. When a plant lacks sulfur, protein synthesis slows down, growth lags. If the plant, on the contrary, has an excess of sulfur, the leaves turn yellow, and the edges curl inward.
Bop- death of apical buds, roots and leaves; lack of flowering, falling off the ovary. The lack of boron is most often manifested on soils with a neutral and alkaline reaction, as well as on calcareous soils, since calcium interferes with the flow of boron into the plant.
Mgo- chlorosis and whitening of the tips of the leaves. With an excess of copper, root development is disrupted and the intake of iron and manganese into the plant decreases.
Manganese- poor development of leaves, the appearance of spots on them. Interveinal chlorosis indicates an excess of manganese. Manganese deficiency is most common in alkaline soils.
Indoor plants live in unnatural conditions: the volume of soil is limited to a pot, which means that the amount of nutrients is limited.
When you transplant a flower into a new soil, you give it enough nutrients (in modern soils sold in stores, the composition is usually quite balanced, which allows you to do without top dressing for about 2 months), but as it grows, the amount of nutrients in the soil decreases and the plant begins to grow. starve in the truest sense of the word. A weakened plant is an easy prey for pests and diseases.
Then top dressing comes to the rescue.
Feeding plants almost always improves their condition. You can detect a lack of nutrients in the soil by external signs: the leaves began to turn yellow, turn white, the plant slowed down, etc.
Macronutrients for plants are breakfast, lunch and dinner
These are substances that plants need in large quantities, their concentration is 0.1-10%.
Nitrogen needed for the growth of shoots and leaves. If there is a lack of nitrogen in the soil, the color of plants changes: from rich green it becomes pale, yellowish. The leaves turn yellow, shrink and fall off, the plant sheds buds. This is called chlorosis - not a disease, but a weakening of the plant.
excess nitrogen leads to vigorous plant growth. But this is not good, because the tissues become loose, as if stuck together in haste, flowering is delayed and the plant becomes susceptible to diseases. Regular liquid fertilizer almost always contains nitrogen. Look at the composition of the fertilizer and you will see the Latin letter N there. This is nitrogen. most needed nitrogen fertilizers at the beginning of plant growth - in the spring. By autumn, its consumption is reduced, and in winter, nitrogen must be completely excluded from top dressing.
Potassium provides tissue strength and plant immunity. If there is not enough potassium, the edges of the leaves curl down, become wrinkled, turn yellow or brown and die. A severe lack of potassium leads to the death of old leaves, while young leaves are preserved. Plants especially need potassium during flowering and fruiting.
Phosphorus necessary for plant health, the formation of flowers, fruits and seeds, forms adventitious roots in cuttings. If there is little phosphorus, the growth and development of plants is delayed, they bloom late or do not bloom at all. With a lack of phosphorus, the leaves become dark green or bluish in color, red-violet spots appear on them, and the drying leaves are almost black. An excess of phosphorus leads to the fact that the plant becomes smaller, the lower leaves wrinkle, turn yellow and fall off. Phosphorus is especially needed during the period of budding and flowering.
Calcium regulates water balance. The lack of calcium primarily affects young shoots and leaves: they turn pale and curl, brown spots appear on them. However, an excess of calcium is much more harmful than its deficiency: it makes iron compounds inaccessible to the plant, causing chlorosis.
If you notice white-brown stripes on the surface of the soil, try to change the soil completely by transplanting the plant into a new soil. If the plant is too large, change the topsoil. Otherwise, the plant may die. The quality of water for irrigation also matters: hard water contains a lot of calcium, which, unlike other elements, is introduced into the soil with each irrigation. Use soft water for irrigation.
Magnesium contributes to the absorption of phosphorus by plants. Lack of magnesium leads to chlorosis: the leaves turn yellow, red, purple between the veins and along the edge of the leaf. The leaves curl, the root system develops poorly, this leads to the depletion of plants.
Iron participates in the formation of chlorophyll and respiration. If the plant lacks iron, the leaves turn pale green but do not die. Iron deficiency leads to complete chlorosis: the entire surface of the first young, and then all other leaves turns pale and discolors. White leaves appear.
With a lack sulfur plants are stunted, leaves turn pale.
Trace elements for plants are vitamins
Trace elements are needed by plants in very small doses, their concentration is less than 0.01%.
The tips of the leaves turn white - the plant lacks copper.
The apical buds and roots die off, the plant does not bloom, the leaves turn brown and die - there is little in the soil boron.
The plant does not grow, and the leaves become variegated - this is a disadvantage manganese
With a lack cobalt the root system of plants develops poorly.
Light areas appeared between the veins of the leaves, the tips turned yellow, the leaves began to die off - the plant is not enough zinc.
Flaw molybdenum leads to a violation of nitrogen metabolism, causes yellowing and spotting of the leaves, the death of the growth point.
sodium and chlorine necessary for plants from sea coasts and salt marshes. However, in cultivation, these plants usually do not have high requirements for soil salinity.
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