How to build a roof at home diagram. How to build a house roof correctly: the main steps. Calculation of the main parameters

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To save money, owners country houses prefer to do part construction works with your own hands. How to make a roof in a private house - many developers ask this question. But before carrying out work, you should study all the information about the roofs. You need to know what roofs exist, familiarize yourself with their shapes and design features. It is no secret that these elements perform many functions. The range of their characteristics is not limited to the fence inner space houses from the penetration of moisture, cold air currents and snow. Our article will tell you all about the features of roofs, and the construction of the roof will also be described in detail.

The device of the roof of a private house and their types

modern building found application various types roofs of houses. Of course, each type requires an individual. Let's talk about the most common, as well as their advantages and features.

Do-it-yourself roof of a private house: preparation

In addition to choosing the type of roof, consider what material will be used to cover it (more: ""). Based on this, the parameters of the truss system are determined. Weight roofing affects its pressure and loads. Therefore, it is important to resolve the issue with the method of fastening roofing elements. Finally, it is worth deciding on the additional parts of the truss system.

The best option for calculating the material for the rafter system and roofing is the presence of a roof drawing. The diagram usually indicates all the attachment points of the truss system. They, in turn, reinforce the elements.

The greatest weight has a roof made of ceramic tiles. The rafter system and foundation (+ walls) must take into account the weight of this material. For the rafter system, coniferous wood is most often used. At the same time, its humidity should be no more than 20%. Wood should not contain knots and blue.

Tools for arranging the truss system:

vapor barrier material;
waterproofing film;
insulating material;
iron staples;
self-tapping screws, nails, screws;
roofing tools.

How to build a roof of a private house: truss system

The device of the rafter system implies the support of the lower end of the rafter on the Mauerlat. In this case, the upper end rests both on the skate and on the opposite rafter. As a result, roof trusses are created. They are connected using a ridge beam or two boards that form a ridge. To strengthen the rafter legs, special spacers, struts, struts, stretch marks and crossbars are installed. All these elements make the truss structure sufficiently rigid and durable.

When equipping a gable roof, the first two structures of the truss system (triangles) must be assembled on the ground. Only after complete assembly, you can lift them to the roof. Spacers are used for temporary reinforcement. Then, the elements are connected using a ridge beam or boards on both sides. Next, the installation of the remaining rafter legs is carried out. For the convenience of workers, floor beams are usually laid on the Mauerlat. Also, a temporary flooring must be present.

For fastening the truss system, they use not only tie-ins and cuts, but also iron staples, metal corners, self-tapping screws and nails. The rigid frame of the truss system will provide struts, crossbars, ties and stops. Sometimes it becomes necessary to lengthen the rafter legs. In this case, the first step is to splice two rafter boards. At the junction, shorties are installed on both sides.

Roof construction of a private house: crate

Having finished installing the rafters, you can fill the crate. For its arrangement, you will need boards (2.5 cm thick) or bars. The crate can be either solid or have gaps. But before that, waterproofing should be laid along the rafters. When creating a living room in the attic, it is best to insulate the roof in advance. Insulation is placed in the space between the rafters. The material can be mineral wool or foam.

To create a residential "warm" room in the attic, lay the insulation in a double layer. The thickness of one layer should not be less than 50 mm. The insulation layer contributes to the absorption of noise from outside the room. A vapor barrier membrane is laid on the insulation. It protects the material from the formation of condensation on it. In order not to spend money on repairing the roof of a private house once again, follow all the instructions and recommendations. Try to get the layers right roofing cake.

Roofing

Perhaps the main stage of the whole work. The arrangement of the frame with roofing material is a very important procedure. Today you can find a wide range of materials for every taste and price category. The most affordable and reliable material is slate. However, many are confused by its appearance. As an alternative, you can use modern polymer variants of slate - euroslate or ondulin.

Today, more and more developers prefer another roofing material - metal tiles. The coating is relatively inexpensive, while it has the buyers with its appearance and excellent performance. The downside of the metal tile coating is the low level of sound absorption.

Roof shapes, professional advice, video details:

Thus, the roofs of houses are made both by hand and by specialists. But it is worth noting that the first option can sometimes outperform the work of experienced installers. This is due to the fact that the owners of country houses are trying to do high-quality roofing work. It is logical that a well-designed and executed roof will last for many years, so you should order from trusted specialists. At the same time, it is very important not to spend your financial resources on additional repairs. It is better to carry out all the work with high quality once and arrange comfortable housing for yourself and your loved ones.

Having completed the assembly of the roof, you can begin to arrange drainage system. How to carry out such work can be found in the article: "". We recommend that you watch photo and video materials on this topic in order to be aware of all the innovations in the construction market.

The first thing a person sees when approaching a building is the roof. This part of the house plays a major role in the overall interior design and is designed to protect the entire building and its residents from negative weather factors(wind, precipitation), from daily and seasonal temperature differences, from thermal and cosmic radiation, from harmful substances and noise deposited on the roof surface from the atmosphere (emissions from enterprises, exhaust gases).

A properly designed roof is fire resistant, resistant to condensation and effectively resists any load. For this, it is very important to choose the roofing material and the shape of the roof.

The most successful are semi-hip and hip roofs with four slopes. And roofing materials include soft tiles, slate, euroslate or ondulin. Before starting the process of installing the roof, you should install the crate under the corrugated board, following the instructions for all the steps, including attaching the rafters to the mauerlat and installing a chimney to remove combustion products.

The optimal roof is perfectly ventilated, it is well protected from noise, high temperatures and water, it is durable, resistant to mechanical damage, and has an attractive appearance.

The roof of the house with their own hands. Video

Today in construction there are several options for roofing:

Shed.

Among its advantages are the possibility of saving on material and scaffolding, efficiency and ease of erection, low weight.

Disadvantages: the small size of the attic or its absence, not the most presentable appearance.

Gable - more popular than single-sided.

Its obvious advantages are relatively low weight (in comparison, for example, with a four-hinged one), a fairly large attic room, the possibility of arranging an attic under the roof, as well as an aesthetic, harmonious appearance. This type of roof is heated on both sides.

This roof does not have any particularly prominent shortcomings. However, in comparison with a lean-to, it is less economical in terms of consumables and heavier. A gable roof requires a ridge and gutters to drain melt and rainwater.

Quadruple roof.

This type of roof is not particularly popular, since its construction is a complicated matter. It is practically impossible to independently perform such a roof correctly without special skills. The positive qualities of this type of roof are considered to be its aesthetically attractive appearance and voluminous attic space.

The inherent possibility of four-sided heating significantly insulates the attic. Among the main disadvantages of this type, the most prominent are the large weight and, as mentioned above, the complexity of the installation work.

The roof is combined.

The most ideal choice for multi-level buildings or structures made in an unconventional rectangular shape. Such a roof looks original and harmoniously fits into almost any area.

The combined type is much easier to build, since it can be built not entirely, but separate sections. Initially, one slope of the terrace is covered, which is located on the second floor, then it is erected above the bedrooms. gable roof.

In addition, there is a Sudeikin roof, a hipped roof, which is four identical slopes, having the shape of isosceles triangles, and others.

With all the variety of types of roofs, their construction is based on several main principles. Having caught their essence, you can even build the most complex roofing options on your own.

The construction of the roof of the house with your own hands is divided into several stages:

Do-it-yourself Mauerlat fastening.

This is nothing more than a foundation on which the bulk of the load is placed. The whole roof is built on it. Beams with a section of 15x15 cm are used. They are mounted parallel to the ridge. To increase the strength and stability of the roof in relation to adverse weather conditions, the Mauerlat beams are securely fastened, and this must be done even when laying the walls of the building. For this purpose, a strong thick rope is mounted between bricks or masonry blocks at a distance of one meter. It is called a katanka.

The middle part of the wire should be reinforced in the brickwork, and the ends should be stripped free. Their length must be suitable for fastening the next timber. In the event that plastering is planned, then the outer end of the rope must be mounted in the solution. The Mauerlat should retreat from the edge of the wall by at least 10 cm, taking into account the laying of the roofing layer, since this will help protect the beams from destruction (rotting) processes.

Do-it-yourself frame installation.

To ensure a sufficient level of strength of the roof, you need to take care of the frame. Under the frame is meant the attached rafters to the Mauerlat. It must be borne in mind that if the length of the beams exceeds 4.5 cm, then you will need to additionally mount the runs. The most optimal size of the beams is considered to be a section of 7x15 cm.

The rafters are attached to the Mauerlat using a special cutout, which is fixed with nails of 20 cm. They are hammered in the following way:

the first is hammered strictly diagonally through the rafters;
the second is similar, but on the reverse side;
the third is nailed perpendicularly from above.

Thanks to this technology, the rafter is firmly attached and becomes motionless. The upper part of the beams, which overlaps, are attracted to each other so that the edge of one of them overlaps the end of the parallel one. They are mounted using bolts and nails.

Strengthening the roof with your own hands.

In order to reduce the impact of the expansion force on the Mauerlat and increase the strength and stability of the roof, the rafter legs should be mounted together using beams with a cross section of 5x15 cm. They are called a “crossbar”. Its size and the distance between the beams of the rafters to be connected are fully consistent with each other. Fastening is carried out with nails.

In addition, you need to take care of attaching this element to each filly's rafter leg. This is a board with a section of 50x100 cm. It is fastened with screws and metal brackets to one leg of the rafter. The length is calculated very simply - 50 cm should be added to the length of the overhang. To skip any difficulties, you need to take care of harvesting the filly in advance. A cutout is made on a board 15 cm wide. With its help, fastening to the Mauerlat is carried out.

Also, do not forget that the rafters and boards converge exactly. It is best to finish all such work by the beginning of the construction of the truss system, as this greatly facilitates the process of assembling the structure. Additionally, the value of the angle of inclination of the future roof is selected. A competent choice implies taking into account the specifics of the area. For example, in the presence of regular precipitation and a rather cold type of climate, the most suitable angle of inclination is considered to be from 40 o to 45 o.

Snow does not accumulate on such a roof, which makes it possible to avoid an increase in the pressure on the ceiling. The distance between the rafter legs must be at least one meter. In dry and hot climates, the minimum angle of inclination can be 3 o.

In those areas where strong winds are present, the optimal angle value is 20 o. For an accurate calculation, you need to use professional building regulations. Specialists measure this value using an inclinometer. By the beginning of the measurements, a suitable angle should be calculated. Therefore, the formula is applied: the value of the angle of inclination is directly proportional to the height of the ridge, which is divided by the figure formed by dividing the length of the roof by 2.

Do-it-yourself roof lathing (video).

For roofing, it is necessary to perform a crate. If your choice fell on tiles, the crate must be solid.

To get started, you need complete wooden planks with a thickness of approximately 25 cm. Particular attention should be paid to the absence of cracks or chips. Their length indicator should be equal to two spans of rafters, that is, two meters. The joints will be located purely on supports with a distance of 5 mm. The boards used to form the ridge must be placed at the closest possible distance. Fastening is carried out with nails (20 cm).

The type of roof will depend on the choice of the batten option. If the creation of soft roll roofing, then the flooring should be continuous (whole). If the roof is metal or made of slate - discharged crate. If necessary, the flooring can be double, but in this case the first layer is laid in the standard order, and the second - along the slope, that is, perpendicularly.

Ventilation.

Naturally, one crate is not enough to cover the roof. It is also necessary to think about maintaining its integrity during operation. In order for the tiles to be ventilated, gaps should be left in the crate, 2 or 3 ventilation channels on each side. They should start at the bottom of the overhang and end above (if possible). The width is about five centimeters. At the top, an outlet for the hood is mounted, which makes it possible to remove air.

Do-it-yourself installation of the lining layer and droppers.

To increase the protection of the roofing from the effects of condensate on the crate, you will need to lay a lining layer. Its installation is carried out purely along the edges, where there is a high probability of water seepage (near pipes, to the ridge, to internal valleys). The width of the lining should be about 40 cm. The carpet is nailed with nails or screws at a distance of about 25-30 cm.

If necessary, another layer is laid, which is located on top of the already attached one. It is also obligatory to glue the overlaps. To do this, use bituminous glue.

Before overlapping, there is one more stage - the installation of droppers. These are metal plates that protect the cornice from moisture penetration. Planks are nailed with nails at a distance of 10 cm, overlap - 5 cm. In the same way, droppers are attached to the ridge.

A flexible tile is attached to the plates, helping to improve not only the functions of the dripper, but also the appearance. Since the plates are self-adhesive, the protective layer is removed from them and only then they are attached to the eaves. Sometimes, to increase the reliability of installation, fastening can be done with nails.

Do-it-yourself roof installation.

The choice of roofing material directly depends on the type of roof. Each of options implies its own terms and conditions of installation.

There are the following roof options:

Bituminous flexible tile. To evenly distribute the tiles and facilitate overlapping, the installation process must begin from the middle of the eaves. First, the protective film is removed from the shingle, and then gluing is performed. It is desirable to nail it along the edges. Most best option- galvanized nails with wide caps. The protrusions close the joints of the shingle. If the project assumes the presence of pipes, then special passage elements are attached along the perimeter of the shingle cutout. In place of the ridge, the tiles are overlapped. If the pipe is brick, which heats up during active operation, a triangular beam is placed on the corner of the roof and pipe. The lining carpet is laid at a distance of about 20 cm from the pipe. In turn, a special connector is mounted on the pipe. All cracks are sealed with sealant.

Metal tile. Under this material it is necessary to lay a discharged crate. The calculation of the amount of material is carried out by adding the indicators of the cornice overhang, the vertical overlap of the sheets and the length of the slope from the eaves to the ridge. The first sheet is laid down and aligned along the cornice and end, the second must be placed on top, and the third on the sides. Directly above the second sheet will be placed the fourth. The entire resulting structure is leveled and attached to the crate using self-tapping screws. The assembly of the entire roof is carried out in the same way. The planks and outer corners of the ridge should be overlapped and fastened using the same self-tapping screws. The plugs will close the ridge from the ends. In addition, it is recommended to install snow guards, which are installed directly on the roof covering parallel to the eaves. There are several options: plank, tubular and mesh. The covering of a metal tile begins from below upwards, from left to right. It is preliminarily laid out in piles of about 5 pieces, which are placed on the slopes. This approach makes it possible to distribute the load on the rafters evenly. The tiles are attached to the rafters using galvanized screws.

Do-it-yourself filing of the roof cornice. Video

This work is being done at the final stage. By that time, it is necessary to insulate the walls of the building, since the filing box will fit snugly. Otherwise, you will have to leave the wall uninsulated or break the filing. As a rule, the filing is made of wood, which makes it possible not to carry out additional ventilation.

By itself, it represents a kind of box, which is attached to the continuation of the filly and rafters. Its frame consists of two boards, where one goes straight towards the wall from the end of the overhang. The connection takes place at a right angle using screws or self-tapping screws.

Metal plates are also used. Small gaps must be left between the boards. The cut of the corners of the box is carried out at a certain slope, and fasteners - with the help of self-tapping screws and metal brackets. After that, upholstery with boards is carried out along the entire length of the lower part of the frame. Thus, they are protected from the impact environment. In addition, you need to pay attention to the location of the joints. They should not coincide with adjacent beams. The corners are sawn to 45 o.

Insulation of the roof of the house with their own hands. Video

This process is no less important than any other. There are several options for insulation:

from inside the crate;

on top of the crate.

If the owner does not plan to use the attic space as a living area, then it is possible to carry out internal insulation. Thus, the free space formed between the rafters is hidden.

First, the roof should be covered with a waterproofing film around the entire perimeter. Since the rafters are on top of the crate, the film is not stretched with a canvas. It is necessary to ensure that the waterproofing covers all the details of the structure. In the corners between the rafters and the crate, wooden slats are nailed over the film, after which mineral wool is stuffed into the crate in the area between the rafters. This insulation must be laid end to end with each other.

Next is the turn of laying the vapor barrier layer. The lower edge of this film is attached to the rafters. The joints of both films are superimposed on each other and fastened with a special construction adhesive tape. In the event that the attic space will be used as a living space, then it is necessary to take care of a higher rate of roof insulation. Therefore, insulation and film must be laid on top of the crate and roof structures.

It is necessary to avoid the use of polyurethane foam boards, since this material cannot be tightly joined.

The most acceptable material in terms of insulation is mineral wool, however, the use of a waterproofing film is mandatory. The principle of work on insulation corresponds to the above.

Thus, building the roof of a house with your own hands involves complex and phased work, so this process should be approached as responsibly as possible. If you are not sure that you can perform all the above procedures on your own, contact the professionals.

The roof is one of essential elements any building. The quality of the roof directly affects the safety, reliability and comfort of home operation. If desired, the roof of the house can be equipped with your own hands. Before starting the main work, study the features of existing varieties of roofing systems and select the most suitable option systems for your case.

The easiest option to perform is a shed roof. For residential premises, as a rule, it is not used. Most often, shed roofs are equipped on various outbuildings, outbuildings, bathhouses, etc.

The most popular option is a gable roof. It is also extremely easy to set up. Ideally suited for devices in small houses.

A little more difficult to erect, but also very popular and convenient is hip roof. May have various modifications. In general, such a roof consists of four slopes and is optimally suited for almost any home.

Another interesting option is half hip roof. This design is a kind of symbiosis of four pitched roof and gable roof. Ideal for big houses and country cottages.

Another option for a four-slope design is hipped roof.

For lovers of original interesting solutions we can recommend paying attention to broken roofs. However, it is not recommended for beginners to take on their performance. Broken structures, although they look interesting, can hardly be called too simple to build. A sloping roof is a great solution for houses with equipped attic floor.

A more complex option with many different modifications is pitched multi-gable roof. Its construction requires the contractor to have relevant experience or qualified assistance from specialized builders.

Thus, each owner can independently choose the roof that best suits his requirements. However, novice masters are advised to focus on gable and four-slope structures.

What is the roof made of?

Not only the appearance of the roof depends on the roofing, but also the arrangement of the truss system. The heavier the finishing material, the more durable the rafters should be.

The largest weight among the roofing materials used is natural ceramic tiles.

Rafters are made of a wooden beam. Also, for arranging the frame, you will need wooden boards and slats. Do not forget about heat and moisture insulating materials, as well as fasteners in the form of nails and screws.

Calculate the cost of materials in advance. Calculations in each case are individual. Consider the area and design features of your roof.

The sequence of work on the installation of the roof

The work on the arrangement of the roof is carried out in several stages. Perform each of them in sequence, and you will get a reliable and durable roof.

First stage. This element is a strong and thick beam, fixed along the perimeter of the upper faces of the walls of the house. Mauerlat performs the functions of a support for the future truss system and the roof as a whole.

Secure the beam with anchor bolts. Anchors are recommended to be installed at the stage of pouring the reinforcing belt. In such a situation, it will be enough to simply lay the anchor in the solution so that their ends protrude from the concrete structure. As a result, it remains only to put the timber on the protruding ends of the anchors, having previously drilled suitable mounting holes in the wood.

At the stage of attaching the Mauerlat, you will need a sledgehammer. With its help, you can plant the beam as tightly as possible.

Second phase. Rafters are made of boards or thick timber. Don't skimp on raw materials. Specifically, the rafters will bear the greatest load, so this part of the roofing system must be as reliable as possible.

To fasten the rafters, use spacers, ties, crossbars and various kinds of jumpers. Install one end of the rafter leg on the Mauerlat, and dock the other at the top with the rafter leg installed opposite. The step between the rafters is selected individually, taking into account the size of the roof and the weight of the selected finish. The higher the load on the rafters, the smaller the step they need to be installed.

At the junction at the top, the rafters form an element called a ridge. Between the bars, special reinforcing jumpers are installed, they are also crossbars. In general, the truss system looks like a set of triangles connected with jumpers. It is best to collect such triangles at the bottom, and then simply lift and fix it on the roof in finished form.

Start installation with 2 extreme triangles. Install them and fasten them with a ridge beam, and then install the remaining rafter triangles, finally fixing all the elements with nails and screws of suitable size. To strengthen the system, install jumpers and additional ties.

Third stage. Thanks to these rails, the necessary ventilation gap will be created between the thermal insulation and the finish coating.

Fourth stage. Nail the laths of the crate to the slats of the counter-lattice. Fix the elements of the crate across the rafter legs. This completes the base of the roof. Proceed to the installation of protective materials.

Additional measures for the arrangement of the roof

Before laying the finishing material, the roof structure must be vapor-insulated, insulated and protected from moisture.. Vapor barrier is carried out using special membranes. Buy the right material hardware store and secure it to the frame elements with a construction stapler and metal staples.

Also, the film can be fixed after the insulation has been laid. At this point, orient yourself as you wish. The vapor barrier film is attached from the side of the attic.

Mineral wool is traditionally used for insulation. This is a high-quality and easy-to-install material, which is enough to simply lay between the rafters and further secure. Styrofoam and many other more modern and expensive materials are also suitable for insulation.

Traditionally, a 10-centimeter layer of insulation is laid. In regions with a very cold climate, the thickness of the thermal insulation can be increased.

The heater is covered from above waterproofing material. It is best to use a special vapor-permeable diffusion film. It will let steam out of the house, but will not allow external moisture to penetrate inside. The waterproofing film is recommended to be laid with a 10 cm overlap. Glue the joints with metalized adhesive tape. Attach the film itself to the roof frame using dowels or a construction stapler.

Tyvek Soft - vapor permeable waterproofing membrane

Laying the finish coat

When choosing a roof covering, be guided by your preferences and available budget. The most inexpensive, popular and easy to use material is slate. However, its use is often abandoned due to not the most attractive appearance. Therefore, slate is usually used to cover household and other buildings, and the house is covered with more respectable and attractive material.

A noble and beautiful in all respects roofing material is natural ceramic tiles. If you plan to give the choice in favor of natural tiles, consider the rather large weight of this material. Pay special attention to the quality and reliability of the truss system.

The tile is characterized by a long service life, has high performance and beautiful appearance, but is quite expensive. It is because of the high cost that many owners refuse to use metal tiles. However, if desired, instead of natural material you can use its analogue - metal tile.

Galvanized steel sheets with a special polymer coating are practically in no way inferior to natural tiles, but they are much lighter and more affordable. A wide range of metal tiles with a wide variety of coatings is available for sale, which allows you to choose the perfect material specifically for your roof.

The metal tile will allow you to significantly save time on the arrangement of the roof. This sheet material is easy and quick to install, and the finished coating has a beautiful appearance, imitating the surface of individual tiles.

Each roofing material is laid in accordance with individual technology. For example, sheets and individual fragments are superimposed one on top of the other, or they are slipped under each other. Before starting work, be sure to understand how the installation of your particular material is performed.

The main thing is not to save on materials. High-quality roofing - a guarantee of a long service life of the house and the safety of its residents. In the future, if you wish, you can save on additional accessories, for example, on a drain. However, roofing materials must be exclusively High Quality.

After completing the installation of the finish coating, it is imperative to install a drain. Without this element, the walls of the house will be constantly flooded with water, which will not have the best effect on their condition. plastic pipes, previously sawn in two along the longitudinal side.

Thus, in self-assembly the roof of the house is nothing complicated. Follow the instructions, remember the recommendations received, and you will make a roof that is in no way inferior to the design of a professional assembly.

Video - Mounting the roof of the house with your own hands

Building a roof with your own hands requires serious preparation. It is necessary to develop a project for the construction of the roof and the roofing pie, perform the appropriate calculations, and familiarize yourself in detail with the technology of work.

Roof design

Construction begins with calculations of the truss system and roofing materials. The rafter system consists of timber and boards. The configuration of the structure depends on the type of roof chosen, it can be single-pitched, two- or four-pitched, with straight or broken slopes.

When calculating the power of the rafter system and the installation step of the rafter legs, it is important to take into account the loads on the roof, which is summed from individual loads:

own weight of the roof frame;
the weight of the elements of the roofing cake;
the approximate weight of people repairing or servicing the roof;
safety margin in case of cataclysms (hurricane wind, increased rainfall).

Snow and wind load depend on the climatic features of the region (which requires the introduction of correction factors in the calculations), as well as on the angle of inclination of the roof slopes.

When calculating the material for the roof, it is important to take into account the working dimensions of sheet roofing materials, since they overlap. To minimize insulation waste and simplify its installation, it is recommended that the rafter spacing be selected taking into account the appropriate width of the thermal insulation material.

The width of the rigid sheet material should correspond to the pitch of the rafters, and the width of the wadded material (basalt or glass wool) should exceed this parameter by about 10 mm. This allows you to mount soft slabs or roll material in spans by surprise, without gaps.

The calculation of the construction of the roof can be carried out independently, using the appropriate tables from the reference literature, or by resorting to a specialized calculator, of which there are plenty on the Internet. Calculation complex roofs it is recommended to entrust a professional architect.

When calculating the cost of building a roof, the amount of each of the main materials is multiplied by its cost and 10% is added to the resulting value. We must not forget about consumables - fasteners, sealants, etc. The total cost also includes the transportation of materials.

Timber preparation

The construction of the roof of the house is carried out on the basis of a detailed project, which indicates the length and cross section of all structural elements, as well as the principles for the implementation of attachment points.

For mounting the frame, it is important to use well-dried (moisture content up to 15%) high quality lumber - without chips, cracks and other defects. This guarantees the necessary reliability of the truss system, and also eliminates the deformation of its elements during operation. The roof frame is mainly built from coniferous wood, as this material is durable, resistant to decay, and durable.

To improve fire resistance and protect wooden elements frame from damage by microorganisms, before installation they are treated with special refractory and antifungal agents. The fire-retardant composition is applied in two layers, while the second layer can be applied only after the first is completely absorbed and dried. The installation of the wooden parts of the frame is started after they are completely dry.

It is especially important to carefully treat the elements of the eaves with protective agents.

In the rafter system, elements made of rolled metal can also be involved - corners, channel bars. But metal constructions when building roofs on their own, they are rarely used, since their installation requires the use of welding equipment.

The principles of construction of pitched roofs

Do-it-yourself roof construction usually involves the implementation of relatively simple projects: shed roofs, gable roofs, simple and broken ones. The complexity of erecting a four-pitched hip roof or half-hip roofs (Danish, Dutch) primarily lies in the need to make complex calculations and the most accurate markings. In addition, the installation of the diagonal rafters of the hip roof must be carried out flawlessly, since in otherwise roof structure will not be able to withstand operational loads. An exceptionally professional approach requires the calculation and installation of multi-gable roofs, roofs with complex architectural forms.

To build a roof, you should understand the basic principles of building its frame. In general, the work is divided into the following stages:

Mauerlat installation;
construction of the truss system;
installation of a roofing pie.

To build the roof of a house on your own, 2-3 people with skills in working with construction tools are required.

A video with step-by-step instructions will help you visually familiarize yourself with the basic principles of installing a truss system.

Roof frame: Mauerlat

Before building the roof of the house, it is necessary to complete the construction of the walls of the structure to full height and lay waterproofing on their horizontal surface - a layer of roofing felt or roofing material. If it is planned to build a gable or pitched roof, waterproofing under the Mauerlat is carried out on two walls, on which the rafter legs will rest. The construction of a hipped roof involves the installation of a Mauerlat around the entire perimeter of the building.

Mauerlat - a wooden beam of square or rectangular section underlying the entire roof structure. It serves to evenly transfer loads to the walls and foundation of the house, and is also the place where the roof is attached to the building. To fix the Mauerlat on the walls, a monolithic concrete beam with metal studs is made, or forged annealed wire is embedded in the masonry.

The size of the beam section is selected depending on the complexity and total weight of the roof frame. If the Mauerlat is mounted around the entire perimeter, its elements are interconnected by cutting one into the other by 500 mm across the entire width, and nails or bolted connections are used for additional reliability.

To prevent the roof from moving under wind or other loads, the Mauerlat should be fastened as reliably as possible.

truss system

The assembly of the truss system begins with the installation of truss structures on both gables. If a partition or load-bearing wall passes in the middle of the house, this allows you to lay a beam on it and install supports for the ridge run. In this case, the rafter legs are attached to the ridge run with the upper part, and to the Mauerlat with the lower part.

If the structure has a small width, A-shaped roof structures without skating. The horizontal jumper (crossbar) gives the structure rigidity and reduces the load on the spacer, which is transferred to the walls. The fastening of the rafter legs in the upper part is reinforced with a wooden or metal overlay plate.

The lower part of the rafters can rest against the Mauerlat with a cut end - in this case, the rafter system is performed without an overhang. If the project provides for the construction of a roof with an overhang of the rafter legs, a notch is cut out in the lower part of the rafter so that the rafter rests against the Mauerlat with the horizontal part of the cutout.

The construction of the roof of the house can be carried out without laying the Mauerlat on long walls. In this case, beams are mounted across long walls, with the length of the beams exceeding the width of the building. The step of laying the beams must match the step of the rafters. It is important to securely fasten the beams - with embedded wire or mounted on reinforcement built into the concrete. The lower ends of the rafter legs are attached to the beams without or with an overhang.

When erecting with a residential attic floor, truss systems with layered rafters are usually used.. This means that the rafter legs have an additional point of support. For this purpose, special support posts are installed, connected by girders. In addition, struts and other elements are used to ensure structural rigidity.

roofing cake

The creation of a roofing pie is started after the installation of the truss system. First of all, it is recommended to lay waterproofing - a special membrane or roofing material. It is attached to the rafters. It is important not to overlap the waterproofing through the ridge - this will worsen the ventilation of the roof. On top of the waterproofing, bars with a section of 50 mm are stuffed onto the rafters - a counter-lattice. This allows you to create the necessary air gap between the waterproofing and the roofing.

The crate is attached to the counter-crate. It can be made from boards, bars or slab wood materials (solid crate). The type of lathing directly depends on the installation features of the selected roofing material.

The next step is the laying of the finishing roofing. For pitched roofs are commonly used:

sheet materials made of metal (corrugated board, metal tiles, copper, steel and aluminum seam roofing), asbestos cement (flat and corrugated slate), bituminous (ondulin);
piece materials from ceramics (classical tiles), natural stone (slate), bituminous tiles.

Insulation of a pitched roof is carried out from the inside. As heat insulators, materials from plant fibers (mats from straw, seaweed, hemp), from cellulose (ecowool) can appear. But most often mineral wool is used - an environmentally friendly fire-resistant fibrous material obtained from a melt of basalt or glass. Sheet and sprayed polymer heat insulators are used somewhat less frequently - they are more expensive, in addition, sheet polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam have certain shortcomings in installation, and spraying penoizol requires special equipment.

Roof construction technology involves the installation of a vapor barrier from a special membrane. It allows you to protect the insulation and wooden rafters from the damaging effects of moisture.

It is not recommended to replace the membrane with polyethylene film and other materials.

The video shows the main stages of installing the roof of a private house with your own hands.

It is not for nothing that we so often use the expression "roof over our heads", because without detracting from the importance of strong walls, it is difficult to imagine a house without this element. What if not a strong roof will become a shield between you and bad weather, protect from rain and wind. Only after the erection they talk about the full completion of construction and the transition to interior decoration Houses. A well-executed roof installation determines the comfort of the future home.

A do-it-yourself gable roof is a popular design in private construction, which is used in the construction of houses from such materials: timber, logs, bricks, blocks, even concrete. You can easily recognize the gable roof among the rest constructive solutions thanks to appearance houses resembling a triangle.

The choice of this type of roofing is explained by the availability of the materials used and the relative simplicity of installation, which even a novice homebuilder can do.

Device

A gable roof, regardless of whether it is simple or mansard, consists of several structural elements, shown in a schematic drawing:

The layout of the elements of the roof truss system

Types of truss systems

There are several ways to make a gable roof for a private house. Their differences can be explained by the use different types truss systems, of which there are only two:

Both of these systems are equally reliable, the attic roof involves their joint use when they combine hanging and layered rafters. Before work, professional roofers create a gable roof drawing - a plan that reflects the location of all roof elements, according to which the necessary materials are calculated.

Roof calculation

Like any construction process, the construction of the roof of the house must be created by hand on the basis of engineering calculations. For the convenience of its implementation, before building a gable roof, you need to sketch rough plan, on which the length of the roof along the ridge, the exact length of the slopes, taking into account the plumb lines, must be indicated. At this stage, the slope of the future roof should already be determined:

If the main aggressive factor in the construction area is the wind, then it should be 10-10 o so that its gusts do not tear off the roofing material.
If construction is started in an area with a large amount of winter precipitation, a slope of 35-45 ° is more appropriate, which does not impede snow sliding off the roof.

Making a calculation required material, it is better to round the obtained values \u200b\u200bupwards, without complicating calculations by subtracting holes for chimneys or skylights to avoid confusion.

The necessary calculations do not require knowledge of complex formulas, so anyone who has completed a school mathematics course can perform them. However, the more sophisticated, more complex the gable roof of the house, the higher the complexity of the calculations and the scheme of the truss system.

Mauerlat installation

If the calculation is completed and the materials are purchased, you can install the Mauerlat, and then create the crate. Mauerlat is a kind of foundation for a future roof. Only this design is not made of concrete, like the foundation for a house, but of pine timber.

Softwood is an ideal material for this, being strong and light enough to distribute the weight of the roof evenly around the perimeter of the supporting elements of the house. It is placed along the slopes of the roof, between the rafter leg and the top of the wall.

Fastening rafter legs to the Mauerlat

For greater safety of the Mauerlat and its long service life, a layer of waterproofing is laid between it and the wall, which is most often roofing material. Depending on the material from which the house is being built, the installation of the Mauerlat is carried out by various methods.

Do-it-yourself construction involves checking the reliability of the connection. If it's about wooden house, fasteners can be made using studs or bars, in brick - they use metal wire, reinforcement, in buildings made of foam blocks, gas silicate - concrete screed.

Sequence of work

If there was step-by-step instruction on how to build a gable roof, it would start with how. Hanging should be assembled in advance, using metal corners, bolts. The first to perform the installation of extreme structures, and only then located inside.

To create a layered system, you must first establish the bed on which the supports will be installed. The assembly can be considered complete after fixing all the rafter legs as shown in the drawing. If their length is not enough to create an overhang, it is increased by attaching fillies.

The next step is the installation of the crate . Since its purpose is purely practical, the simplest, cheapest material, for example, an unedged board or even a slab, is used. However, do not neglect the removal of the bark from the surface of the tree, this simple operation will increase its service life. Depending on how it is planned to cover the roof of the house, there are two types of crates:

The final stage of work and subsequent operation

The construction ends with the laying of roofing material. It will be difficult to describe step by step the installation of each material, of which there are a lot on the construction market.

Design gable roof guarantees:

Excellent resistance to wind gusts;
Light snow removal from the slopes;
Protection from rain and cold;
Durability and reliability.

If the installation was carried out with high quality using modern materials then the roof will last more than a dozen years, without requiring repairs, without requiring complex maintenance. So don't skimp on roofing works because a reliable roof is a long-term investment in your comfortable life!