Wiring a solid fuel heating boiler - how is it right? We draw up a piping diagram for a solid fuel heating boiler Solid fuel boiler yew drawings boiler piping



If the piping of the solid fuel boiler is done correctly, this significantly affects the service life of the heating equipment, prevents emergencies, and ensures the stable operation of the heating system. Connection diagrams may differ, but there are general installation principles that must be followed during the installation of the water circuit.

Options for piping a solid fuel boiler

The scheme for connecting a solid fuel boiler to the heating system is selected, depending on technical characteristics heated building. When choosing, pay attention to several parameters:
  1. Coolant circulation type.
  2. Heating system type.
  3. Simultaneous use of radiator heating and underfloor heating systems.
The choice of piping affects the thermal performance and parameters of the heating system, therefore, choosing a suitable scheme should not be taken lightly.

By the type of coolant circulation, it is customary to distinguish the following schemes:


In addition to the distribution of systems by the type of coolant circulation, it is customary to divide several more schemes according to a similar feature:


According to its device or principle of connection, it is customary to distinguish between several more common heating schemes:


There are modern piping systems for solid fuel boilers using a hydraulic arrow and a collector group. Such solutions are used if you plan to connect water circuits using the principle of high and low temperature heating. The water gun is installed in a heating system with warm floors.

When choosing a heating system with a solid fuel boiler, they are guided by the following points:

  1. The cost of strapping work.
  2. Thermal characteristics of the room.

When calculating and choosing a suitable piping scheme, you cannot do without competent advice from a heating engineer.

Piping scheme without heat accumulator

When choosing a method for strapping a solid fuel heating boiler, one of the decisive factors is the presence of a heat accumulator. If a buffer tank is not provided, the heating system is done using a small and large circle of the heating system. Installation of a small circle is carried out according to the following rules:

The principle of operation of this scheme is as follows:
  • After turning on the boiler, the heated coolant circulates in a small heating circle. The three-way valve prevents cold, unheated water from entering the heat exchanger. A big difference in the supply and return temperatures leads to the fact that the boiler starts to "cry". A large amount of condensation forms, which negatively affects the heat exchanger.
  • The coolant gradually warms up and after heating over 60 ° C, a three-way valve opens. From this moment, a large circle of the heating system begins to work.
  • A small circle of the heating system continues to function as a mixing unit, preventing the heating agent from boiling, and reducing the gap between the supply and return temperatures.

Piping with an indirect heating boiler

The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a buffer tank is somewhat different from the previous version. Essentially a buffer tank or boiler indirect heating, is an ordinary thermos in which water is heated and stored for specific purposes.

A simple piping of a solid fuel boiler with a heat storage tank replaces a small heating circle and is performed as follows:

  • The tank is installed between the boiler and the heating system.
  • The supply pipeline is connected to the upper part of the boiler, and the return of the system is connected to the lower part.
  • Two circulation pumps are installed on the return line. The performance of the pumping equipment should be different. The settings are set in such a way that the movement of the coolant in the buffer tank is carried out from top to bottom. This can be achieved by placing a circulation pump of greater capacity in front of the storage device, and less after it.

The piping of a solid fuel boiler with an indirect heating boiler performs several important functions:

  • Reduces the temperature difference between the supply and return of the heating system.
  • It allows you to accumulate the received heat and mix hot water into the heating system, after the wood burns out in the boiler.
The piping of a solid fuel boiler with an indirect heating boiler is a connection standard in Western countries. With a domestic consumer, the scheme is not widely popular, due to the relatively high cost of purchasing and installing the necessary equipment.

The piping of the boiler tt together with the electric boiler

The circuit diagram of the piping, including the installation and parallel use of an electric boiler, together with a TT unit, is very popular. The advantage of this solution is the possibility of using a cheap solid fuel boiler. And after the combustion of wood or coal in the furnace, if there is no possibility to add a new portion of fuel, an automatic switch to electricity is carried out.

The strapping is performed as follows:

  • Two boilers are connected in parallel.
  • The electric boiler is equipped with a circulation pump. For a solid fuel unit, you will need to install pumping equipment.
  • To prevent the appearance of a duplicate flow of the coolant, while simultaneously turning on two circulation pumps, a special valve is installed that blocks the flow of the flow. In this case, a check valve in the heating system is needed so that when two boilers work simultaneously, the coolant does not stagnate in the boiler circuit. You will need to install two fittings. One valve is installed on the supply line from the electric boiler, the second on the return line to the solid fuel boiler.
  • The system's performance will be ensured by two temperature sensors. The room sensor is connected to an electric boiler. When the temperature in the rooms falls below the set minimum, heating of the coolant is automatically started using electricity. To prevent heat loss, a thermal sensor is also installed on the pump for the boiler TT, which turns off the circulation of the coolant when the combustion chamber cools down.

What pipe to make piping of a solid fuel boiler

There are no strict rules governing which pipe to use for piping the boiler. There is only one recommendation related to real operating experience.

A section of a small heating circle is made using a metal strapping (steel, copper). This is done so that when the coolant boils and an emergency occurs, the pipes do not deteriorate and retain their tightness under the influence of high temperatures. The material for the rest of the pipeline can be selected as desired.

The most common strapping options are:


Due to the fact that the heating of the coolant often reaches the boiling point of the liquid, tie a solid fuel boiler better with pipes made of metal. But, since this option is not always possible, the use of analogs is allowed. The use of polypropylene with fiberglass, in heating systems with a solid fuel boiler, has shown itself to be one of the most reliable and optimal strapping methods.

How and what to insulate pipes

Insulation of pipes is performed using merylon or any other insulation designed for these purposes. If the pipeline is laid in the ground, as in the case of a stand-alone boiler room, then PET with a large diameter is used for additional protection.

PET pipe protects against mechanical damage. The insulation is a kind of protection against condensation, preventing burns when accidentally touching the pipes, as well as reducing heat loss. Fix the insulation with clamps or knitting wire.

Necessary units and assemblies for piping the boiler

A complete list of fittings for connecting the boiler to the system depends on the chosen scheme, the presence or absence of a buffer tank and other equipment. With a standard connection, the following ties are required:
  • Thermostatic or thermo-mixing valve- it is necessary to stabilize the heating of the coolant and prevent overheating and boiling of the latter.
  • Expansion tank - provided in any heating scheme. The diaphragm expansion tank is installed in closed systems with forced circulation of the coolant. In gravity circuits, an open container is installed at the highest point of the water circuit.
  • Circulation pump- installed in closed and open systems with forced circulation of liquid in the water circuit. Some solutions, such as the use of a buffer tank, two parallel connected boilers, require the installation of two modules of circulation equipment at once.
  • Check valve - coordinates the direction of the heat flow of the liquid. Used when connecting a membrane tank. Prevents the appearance of a duplicate flow when connecting electric and solid fuel boilers at the same time.
  • Collector - used when simultaneously connecting heated floors and radiators. You cannot do without a collector in the manufacture of a radiant heating system, when each heating device conducts its own separate pipeline. A manifold in the heating system is needed for most modern heating schemes.
  • Air purifier- automatic valve included in the standard equipment of the safety group. In automatic mode, it bleeds air from the heating system.
  • System make-up valve- controls the pressure and the total volume of the coolant in the system. If it falls below the minimum value, it opens and refills the water circuit with liquid.
  • System pressure sensor- also included in the security group. Shows the nominal pressure in the heating system, often, the first indicates the overheating of the coolant. Thanks to the verification of the readings of the thermometer and the pressure sensor (manometer), it is convenient to set the required operating mode and set up automatic.
  • Coarse filter- installed on the return line, directly in front of the circulation pump. It is recommended that the filter is installed in front of the buffer tank, expansion tank and other sensitive elements of the heating system.
  • Hydraulic arrow- a hydraulic arrow in the heating system, needed for boilers using the principle long burning and modulation power settings. In practice, this device replaces the buffer tank and has a general principle of operation.
  • Mixing unit or mixing unit- mixes hot and cooled water from the heating clutch to prevent boiling and reduce the difference between the supply and return of the heating medium.

Ways to protect the boiler and heating system from overheating

Boiling the heating system is the main disadvantage of using solid fuel boilers. It is quite difficult to regulate the operation of the units. To prevent boiling, modern systems use multi-layered protection:
  • Small heating circle- initially, the circuit prevents condensation. After the large heating circle has started working, the structure plays the role of a mixing unit.
  • Security group- includes an air vent, a pressure gauge and a pressure sensor. With excessive overheating, the pressure in the system rises, which leads to the breakdown of the valve and the discharge of a certain amount of water from the water circuit.
  • Diaphragm tank - the pressure in the expansion tank in a closed heating system of a solid fuel boiler varies depending on the heating of the coolant. The capacity is selected from the account of the total volume of the coolant, according to special formulas. The pressure in the heating system must be no more than 2 mbar. Most of the heat exchangers of TT boilers do not withstand large parameters and deform when overheated.
  • Buffer capacity- connecting a solid fuel heating boiler to the heating system through a storage boiler makes it virtually impossible for the coolant to boil.
  • Circulation pump connection- in the event of a power outage, the movement of the coolant stops, which leads to almost instant boiling. Safety regulations require the pump to be connected via the power supply.

The optimal volume of the heating system is calculated using the formula, 1 kW = 15 liters of water. The result obtained is used when selecting an expansion membrane tank or determining the required amount of coolant / antifreeze.

What is better to pour into the heating system when heating with a solid fuel boiler

The heating system, with a solid fuel boiler connected to it, can operate on almost any type of coolant. Several factors influence the choice:
  • Building type - in heated rooms, it is more expedient to use ordinary water as a liquid for the heating system.
  • If you plan to heat the building from time to time, it is better to use an anti-freeze liquid.
Antifreeze used for heating systems, in addition to its basic quality (freezing at -15 ° C), has one more property. To heat the liquid, large amounts of heat are required. Accordingly, boiling of antifreeze is observed less often than ordinary or distilled water.

The choice of piping for a solid fuel boiler affects the safety and service life of heating equipment. The calculation of the heating system requires the involvement of a qualified heating engineer.

The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler is a system of various devices and small elements thought out to the smallest detail, which are necessary for the correct formation of a single high-quality scheme for controlled heating of a private house. This necessarily includes the boiler itself, underfloor heating, towel dryers, radiators, modern devices for control and full automation, piping, as well as regulating and conventional shut-off steel rods (fittings).

Solid fuel boiler piping

The choice of a reliable connection scheme, as well as full compliance with the standards and compliance with the recommendations and rules for the direct installation of the purchased and matched boiler for the room is an indisputable guarantee of absolutely reliable and well-established operation of heating equipment throughout the entire period of active and rather long operation.

The main purpose of the piping is to correctly regulate the temperature, select the appropriate operating mode, and also eliminate the risk of overheating of the installed boiler and the entire large system as a whole. If the process is carried out efficiently and carefully, you can quite noticeably save finances due to the correct and efficient distribution of heat in a private house. In this case, the installation of expensive automation simply does not make sense.

This aspect is very important for the constant work with all equipment that operates exclusively on solid and high-quality fuels. For different models boilers of this type are not provided with an automatic simple system. For this reason, competent boiler piping will significantly affect the efficiency of the device.

How to choose pipes for a reliable boiler piping?

Piping a solid fuel boiler - which pipe is better to perform? This element is the basis of the entire system, which will be implemented in the future. It is to the selection of this material that you should treat carefully and deliberately.

Competent boiler piping regulates the temperature

The modern market is ready to offer a wide range of pipes. Each species has its own personal characteristics, features and performance:

  • copper pipe;
  • polypropylene pipe.

If we are talking about piping the boiler using the latter option, we should immediately note the range of advantages:

  1. Easy to install. Such pipes are very quick and easy to install, and only a soldering iron is required to connect them. The whole process will take a maximum of a week.
  2. Resistant to strong overheating. The pipes use a specially thought-out frame made of high-quality reinforced thin mesh.
  3. Low thermal conductivity. Pipes are able to maintain the maximum obtained temperature of the coolant accumulated due to heating during its transportation according to the scheme.
  4. The movement of the coolant itself. The smoothness of the pipes, as well as the maximum resistance to the formation of undesirable salt deposits, makes it possible to maintain a stable high rate of constant movement of the coolant throughout the entire long period of active operation.

Thermal piping

The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler is carried out on the basis of certain rules and regulations that should be followed by those who took up this business. Of course, the work is quite simple and understandable if you do everything carefully, but still there are certain nuances that should be taken into account:

  • Each connection is made with high quality, reliably, so that there are no doubts about the safety of the installed system.
  • The most popular and demanded strapping scheme is the option with two circuits.
  • It is not recommended and even strictly prohibited to use pipes that are made of any hot material. It is allowed to tie the boiler with polypropylene only if there are certificates for this product.
  • The system will be in good and safe condition when the equipment is regularly and professionally checked.
  • The coolant that moves along the circuit must be clean. So you can easily exclude premature damage and failure of the pipe.
  • To exclude airing of the system, you will need to install a conventional air vent.
  • Competently and carefully made piping will always be considered as effective as possible when the power of the solid fuel boiler selected for the house is correctly calculated in advance.
  • To prevent dangerous leaks at any of the connections, you must use a special paronite.
  • If the area of ​​the room itself is relatively small, it is recommended to use the natural course of the coolant.
  • The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler must also take into account the off-season periods when significant overheating of the room can occur.
  • The quality of each, even the smallest, node, details, and elements determines the quality indicator of the entire connection. Substandard materials are a deliberate step towards an unprofitable investment of funds.
  • The size of the installed tank always matters, since the large piping of the boiler also requires large dimensions of this element of the circuit.

Typical piping schemes for solid fuel boilers

Tying a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator: diagram and explanation.

This option is quite painstaking and complicated, but also effective. In this type of circuit, the battery plays the role of a special buffer-type capacity. In the first installed circuit, where water moves at the moment of ignition of the boiler itself, a gradual mixing unit is built in, which includes certain elements:

  1. ball valves;
  2. sump;
  3. circulating pump;
  4. three-way thermostatic valve;
  5. temperature control device.

Piping scheme with heat accumulator

The piping of a solid fuel heating boiler, the circuit of which consists of such devices, differs from other modifications in that each component is assembled into a single block, and the coolant is directed into the tank itself, and not into the entire heating system of the house.

This method allows you to connect at the outlet of the heated tank as many branches for heating as the area and individual needs of the person living in the room require. Please note that each branch has its own small circulation pump. Each circuit is hydraulically separated and excess heat is concentrated in the tank.

Piping with natural fuel circulation: diagram and description.

This option is the simplest, since it does not provide for any additional element... Each stage is carried out entirely by hand, and fuel is added gradually and as needed. Mandatory requirement- pipes with the largest possible diameter to form the correct global heating circuit.

Piping with natural circulation of fuel

Forced fuel circulation piping: diagram and explanation.

The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a circulation pump, which is designed for uniform and balanced movement of the selected coolant through a connected system, makes it possible to correctly adjust the temperature of each installed radiator separately. A significant drawback is that the good and stable operation of the pump directly depends on the changeable in its operation and the supply of electricity.

Forced circulation piping scheme

Diagram of the piping of a solid fuel boiler with a hydraulic arrow: description.

This option implies the use of a modern special device - a hydraulic arrow, which is a small vertical pipe with a significant diameter. It is connected to the outlet-inlet of the boiler. This method of connecting any heating device makes it possible to select the optimal and individual temperature for each device separately.

Piping scheme with a hydraulic arrow

Tying system functionality

Into the system that they decided to do in country house, it is necessary to add certain components to establish the boiler operation itself:

  • Circular pump. It is used only if natural circulation simply has no right to exist in the created boiler piping.
  • Expansion tank. It allows excess air to escape from the circuit, and also contains an excess amount of coolant.
  • Air vent. Due to the well thought-out structure of this component, air locks do not accumulate in the system.
  • Sump. It prevents the heating system from getting dirty, constantly cleans the coolant, as well as accumulations on the pipes.
  • Hydrostrel. Due to this element, it becomes real to connect several heating circuits at once to just one boiler, but according to different parameters.

Heat generators that draw energy from different types solid fuels have their own characteristics of work, which should be taken into account when connecting to a heating system. Therefore, the piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler includes several mandatory elements and devices that ensure the long-term operation of the unit and its protection in emergency situations.

Features of the operation of solid fuel boilers

The process of burning wood or coal is somewhat more complicated than burning the same methane (natural gas). Methane is a simple inorganic compound that decomposes at high temperatures into carbon dioxide and water with some impurity carbon monoxide... Wood and coal are complex organic substances that, when burned, form several substances and gases, some of which are aggressive. This leaves its mark on the durability of the heat generator. Individual piping of solid fuel boilers is done in order to create an optimal operating mode and thereby extend their service life.

One of the features of the operation of water heating units that burn solid fuel appears after the furnace is fired up and the operating mode is entered. If the installation of heating pipelines is carried out directly to the heating system and during heating is passed through the water jacket of the unit cold water, then on the inner walls of the furnace, condensate will begin to evolve intensively. It reacts with combustion products, mixes with ash and adheres tightly to a metal or cast iron surface. The results are as follows:

  1. The steel walls of the combustion chamber are corroded.
  2. A cast iron firebox is not as susceptible to corrosion, but its rough surface promotes adhesion of plaque, which is very difficult to remove. The same plaque will appear on the walls of the steel chamber.

To successfully combat condensate, it is necessary to perform a small circulation circuit with a three-way valve; it is not recommended to connect a solid fuel boiler to the heating system directly.

There is one exception to the rule - when connecting a heat generator to a gravity heating system that operates without a circulation pump, installation can be carried out directly. The heat carrier here flows according to the principle of convection, as it warms up, increasing the speed of movement, while condensate does not appear. True, this is possible only with low power heating equipment and in small houses.

Another feature of the operation of wood-fired heating installations is inertia. When the temperature of the water in the system is sufficient, the automation closes the access of air to the furnace and stops the process. Nevertheless, combustion continues for some time, the coolant temperature exceeds the set one. The same phenomenon is observed when the circulation pump stops as a result of a power outage. The water in the jacket can boil, forming steam, and rupture the jacket or rupture the pipes. To avoid this, a safety group with a relief valve set to a certain critical pressure is installed on the supply line or directly into the boiler water tank.

Heating system connection diagram

Below is a detailed typical piping of a solid fuel boiler with polypropylene with a small circuit and a mixing unit.

The purpose of the mixing unit is not to let cold water from the return pipeline into the water jacket of the heat generator. A three-way valve, set to a temperature of at least 45º, closes the flow of the heat carrier in a small circle until its temperature reaches the set value. After that, the valve mixes water from the system into the return pipe. In order to clean it of scale and sludge, a mud filter is placed in front of the three-way tap. At the same time, it must be installed exactly in the same position as shown in the diagram; vertical installation of the filter is a mistake.

Boiler piping with buffer tank


Many manufacturers strongly recommend using. The buffer tank for the boiler is used for the following reasons:

  • When the air damper is closed in the chamber, wood smolders with an insufficient amount of oxygen, and this leads to an increase in the proportion of carbon monoxide (CO) in combustion products and an increase in pollution the environment... Therefore, a solid fuel boiler must operate at medium or full power, accumulating excess heat in the storage tank.
  • After the firewood burns out and the firebox goes out, the energy contained in the storage device will be enough for some time to heat the house. The duration of this period of time depends on the volume of the tank.

The figure shows a piping diagram of a solid fuel boiler with a storage tank, a small circulation circuit and two mixing units. The arrows on it show the circulation of the coolant.

An alternative to the previous connection methods is piping a solid fuel boiler with a buffer tank (hydraulic arrow). The connection diagram is somewhat similar to the previous one, with the difference that the hydraulic arrow does not serve as a heat accumulator, but is intended for hydraulic separation of the boiler circuit with the rest of the heating branches. The latter can be many: radiator heating, underfloor heating, an indirect water heating boiler for hot water supply. In this case, the temperature of the coolant in each branch needs to be different. Below is a diagram for connecting a solid fuel boiler with a buffer tank and a distribution manifold for a boiler and a radiator heating system.

1 - heat generator; 2 - thermal sensor; 3 - three-way valve of the boiler circuit; 4 - membrane expansion tank; 5 - buffer tank; 6 - radiators; 7 - heating circuit circulation pump; 8 - three-way valve of the heating circuit; 9 - room thermostat; 10 - indirect heating boiler; 11 - circulation pump of the DHW heating circuit; 12 - security group.

Collaboration with electric boilers

Very often, wood-fired or coal-fired water heaters become the second heating unit in the furnace room, where there is already a gas or electric installation. They will need to be correctly connected to each other for correct joint operation, so that one unit insures the other. This is very convenient, for example, when all the coal burns out in one of them. Then the electric or gas water heater... A typical piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler and an electric boiler is shown in the following figure. It is assumed that the electric heater has its own circulation pump.

Conclusion

The presented schemes are the most common due to their simplicity and reliability; in reality, there are many more different connection methods. It is better to choose the right one for yourself with the help of a specialist, taking into account all factors and wishes.

The piping scheme for boiler rooms for a private house with a heat accumulator and a standard solid fuel boiler is one of the most reliable and demanded combinations. The construction of the circuit begins with the placement of the piping of the solid fuel boiler, as well as the placement of the buffer tank. This element is installed in order to obtain an additional circuit of natural circulation. Thus, an alternate path is created, along which water will go in the event of an unplanned short-term power outage and a sudden stop of the pump.

Consider a circuit with natural circulation - gravitational. When drawing up a plan, we avoid bends, we try to minimize the number of knees so as not to create unnecessary resistance. Based on the size of the pipes of the boiler used, we select the diameter of the pipes for the circuit. The standard option is no more than 1.5 inches.

The coolant circulates inside the gravity circuit without the help of a pump due to the created temperature difference. In case, due to a power outage or for another reason, the circulation hot water will stop, the solid fuel boiler will boil. To avoid this dangerous situation, an additional gravity circuit is used - in order to prevent an accident in the event of a pump stop.

Sometimes the temperature of a solid fuel boiler rises and can exceed the limit of 100 degrees. For this reason, we tie the contour from metal pipes... Add a pump to the intended circuit. To do this, we plan a detour, where we install a safety petal check valve on a dedicated section of the gravity circuit. We select the valve with the minimum resistance. An adapter with a standard resistance can impede the circulation of the heating medium.

In normal operation, the circulation pump creates pressure on the valve, keeping it closed. In this case, the water circulates unhindered along the usual path. At the moment the pump stops, the boiler continues to heat the water, but the built-in valve will work and will not let water through the main circle.

Mixing hot water and adding valves

In order for the system to work, it is necessary to provide an automatic mixing of hot water into the return. Thus, we increase the temperature of the water entering the boiler. If too cold a coolant gets into it, the boiler can quickly fail. There are several common piping schemes with the addition of a return line. We use a three-way mixing thermostatic valve. The installation of this valve makes it possible to form a small circle of circulation of the coolant, as a result of which the heating of the boiler will accelerate. This approach prevents the formation of condensation, thereby protecting the heat exchanger from damage due to significant temperature differences.

Let's imagine a simulated situation. Set the built-in petal valve to trigger when the temperature reaches 55 degrees. When the boiler is started, the water in the system is not heated and while it is cold, the valve closes and starts the medium in a small circle. After the supplied water warmed up to a threshold value of 55 degrees, the valve opened slightly and began to mix in chilled water from the return. At the next stage, the entire barrel is heated, while the return temperature also rises above 55 degrees. At this point, the valve will switch completely and let water through the large ring.

After connecting the return flow, we add a pressure relief valve to the solid fuel boiler piping circuit. It is necessary in case of exceeding the performance indicators. The solid fuel boiler has a special hole for valve mounting. On other models, the valve can be installed through a tee. We include an expansion tank in the system. After that, to complete the piping from the side of the heat generator, it is necessary to connect the electric boiler. It is included in the circuit in parallel with the already installed solid fuel boiler.

We have formed two feeds, on each of them it is necessary to install check valves. This is done so that the pump of one of the boilers does not pump water along the working circuit in the opposite direction to the other. Recall that on a solid fuel boiler we use not an ordinary valve, but a petal valve.

Tying a solid fuel boiler and a buffer tank

The simplest will be a piping scheme containing a buffer tank with a pre-installed DHW coil. The advantage of this option will be significant savings in space in the boiler room due to the absence of a separate boiler. Another additional plus is a modest savings on investments due to the absence of the need to buy and install another node. In this case, the process of maintaining the system is simplified, since there will be no problems with the fight against bacteria.

In summer, a heat accumulator with a DHW coil becomes a full-fledged indirect heating boiler. The pump is connected to the circuit with a standard inch pipe; a pipe ¾ or inch is well suited for an electric boiler. If it is planned to install a buffer tank with a volume of at least 1000 liters, then it turns out to be more economical and expedient to raise the return flow from the electric boiler a little and connect the main circuit not from below, but above, to the middle terminals of the heat accumulator. With such a scheme, the boiler will not constantly heat up the entire volume, which will reduce the rate of its depreciation. This parameter depends on the terms of reference.

If it is required to tie not a solid fuel, but a gas boiler, then the same circuit diagram is used as for an electric one. It should be noted that in the scheme we are considering, a standard electric boiler already contains everything you need:

  • pump;
  • pressure sensor;
  • safety valve.

When choosing a model in which these parts are absent, the boiler will have to be properly strapped.

Heating connection

We connect the prepared circuit directly to the heating system. From a safety point of view, it must be remembered that a solid fuel boiler at some moments can give an excessively high temperature. The storage barrel can contain water with a temperature of 90-100 degrees. This is too much for standard home heating radiators. You can get severely burned if accidentally touched. For this reason, it is necessary to add another mixing valve to the circuit. He will mix cooled water into the circuit.

If the house has underfloor heating, it is possible to connect them to the radiator circuit to supply return flow. You will need to install another pump. The connection will go to the mixing unit. Due to the high temperature, water from the heated heat exchanger is not taken directly, but through a safety mixing valve. This part is installed so as not to scald with hot steam when working with the system and checking it.

At the next stage, we connect the coolant recirculation line in the system through a special pump. We place check valves in the circuit in accordance with the diagram. This completes the complete set of functional elements, let's move on to the fittings.

Another filter is required in front of the boilers. Then, at the highest points of the system, we additionally mount automatic air vents. Next, we ensure the draining and filling of the system. To do this, we arrange ball valves so that in the future we carry out technical inspection and repair of equipment without draining the coolant from the circuit. Cranes are needed for:

  • expansion tank;
  • boilers;
  • pump.

In the event that there are no standard thermometers on the boilers, they are installed additionally. You will also need two reference thermometers located on the buffer tank. They will facilitate the control of the system operation and its adjustment.

Insulation of fittings

Consider the need for reinforcement insulation. Long pipe runs, many fittings and high operating temperatures in the system result in heat loss. In finished buildings, heating equipment that is not properly insulated overheats the surrounding space. In the room where the boiler and heat accumulator are installed, the temperature can reach plus 27 degrees in severe frost. Fuel is consumed irrationally, and the efficiency of the system is reduced. After warming the pipes, it is possible to win back a few degrees and reduce fuel consumption.

When insulating fittings, one must remember that when working from the side of the boilers, the pipes get very hot, since they can transport water hotter than 100 degrees. Polyethylene foam insulation is not suitable in this case. It can only be installed in another part of the circuit on the side of the radiators of the heating system. In the boiler room, it is better to put on rubber insulation, which is more resistant to heat, on hot pipes. Fittings and other fittings should also be insulated.

For safety reasons, it is not recommended to isolate the pumps. This equipment is limited to exceeding the ambient temperature specification. If you insulate the pumps from the boiler side, you can insulate them too much, and this is unacceptable.

Connection diagram with a boiler

Consider another scheme for piping a solid fuel boiler, in which, in addition to a heat accumulator, there is a boiler. We will not redo the boiler section, we will leave it unchanged. Similarly to the previous diagram, we will connect the entire heating system. Only the indirect heating boiler added to the planned circuit will be new. Inside the model we have chosen is a coil through which the heated coolant passes. Thanks to this, the water is heated directly and pumped using a special pump. Based on the experience of previously used circuits, I recommend using the leads connected to the boiler away from those connected to the boiler itself and heating radiators.

Another expansion tank must be installed at the outlet of the prepared hot water from the boiler. After that, we cut in a petal safety valve at the inlet to the cold water system. According to this scheme, it is permissible to supply hot water without additional inserts directly to the bathrooms. The pipes will not be too hot - the boiler automatically controls the temperature of the coolant inside itself.

It may be useful to put an additional mixer at the outlet, since it is periodically required to perform preventive high temperature disinfection of the internal cavity in the boiler. When the system heats up, there is a chance of scalding with steam if at this moment someone opens hot water. In addition, the mixer will allow you to leave an increased supply of hot water in the boiler. For this, the electric boiler must be connected to the boiler, but the circuit will be built directly according to a different scheme.

The recirculation line in the boiler is connected through a special additional outlet. We connect the reinforcement to the circuit according to the scheme discussed above. Please note that in the above diagrams, only the hydraulic part is disassembled in detail, without installation of insulation.

When building an autonomous heating of a house, it is important to correctly think over and carry out the piping of gas, solid fuel and electric boilers. Let's look at the possible circuits and piping elements, talk about classic, emergency and specific circuits, as well as the main equipment of these circuits.

The basic principles of piping a boiler of any design are safety and efficiency, as well as the maximum resource of all elements of the heating system. Consider various options the organization of heating, in order to make a balanced and most suitable decision for a particular case during individual construction.

Connecting the boiler to power supplies

If the boiler runs on gas fuel, then it is necessary to organize a gas supply to it. In the case of main gas supply, this must be done by a gas service employee. If heating is from cylinders, you need to conclude a lease with Gaztekhnadzor, and entrust the installation to a company that has permission for this type of work. All work related to gas is potentially dangerous and this is not the time when it is worth saving and doing the work with your own hands.

1. Heating supply. 2. Hot water for domestic needs. 3. Gas. 4. Cold water to the DHW circuit. 5. Heating return

When using bottled gas, a reducer must be used that combines a group of cylinders

The electric boiler must be connected to the network. The boiler and the terminal box must be grounded, all connections are made with copper wiring with a cross section not less than that specified in technical passport to the equipment.

A solid fuel boiler is always autonomous and requires only the connection of heating pipes and hot water supply. Electrical connections are only required by the automatic control units, if used.

Single and double-circuit boilers

Single-circuit boilers are primarily intended for heating. Only one circuit passes through them, including automation, piping and radiators. An indirect heating boiler can also be included in the circuit to supply hot water to the mixers of washstands, showers and bathtubs. The power of the boiler is selected with an appropriate power reserve. The expediency of such a connection in most cases is somewhat doubtful, since it disrupts the stability of the functioning of the heating system by a sudden selection of heat. The problem can be solved by equipping the circuit with a complex control system, which in some models may come with the boiler.

Single-circuit boiler with indirect heating boiler: 1. Boiler. 2. Boiler piping. 3. Radiator. 4. Boiler for indirect heating. 5. Cold water inlet

In a double-circuit boiler, hot water supply, along with heating, is included in the functions of the boiler and constitutes one of its two circulation circuits. More stable operation of both systems is achieved when boilers are equipped with two separate heat exchangers for two circuits. Feature of the system: no hot water storage tank.

Connecting a double-circuit boiler: 1. Boiler. 2. Heating boiler piping. 3. Heating circuit. 4. Cold water inlet

Boiler piping diagram with natural circulation

Natural circulation is based on the laws of physics - thermal expansion of the coolant and gravity, therefore the boiler piping does not include pressure equipment.

In order for the water in the circuit to make a continuous movement, several rules must be observed.

The boiler should be located at the lowest point of the house, preferably in the basement or in a specially equipped pit.

The pipeline from the top point to the heating radiators, and from them to the "return" must be made with a slope of at least 0.5 ° to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the system.

Natural circulation heating. H - the difference in the levels of the supply and return lines, determines the head in the heating circuit

The diameter of the heating distribution pipes must ensure a water velocity of at least 0.1 m / s and not higher than 0.25 m / s. Such values ​​must be taken in advance and checked by calculation, based on the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet (gradient) and the difference in height along the axes of the boiler and radiators (at least 0.5 m).

Boiler gravity circuits can be of open and closed type. In the first case, an expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the system (in the attic or roof) open type, he also acts as an air vent.

The closed system is equipped with a membrane tank located at the same level as the boiler. Since a closed system does not have direct contact with the atmosphere, it must be equipped with a safety group (pressure gauge, safety valve and air vent). The group is positioned so that the air valve is at the highest point of the circuit.

Natural circulation systems are power independent and are most common where power grids are unavailable or unreliable.

Boiler piping diagram with forced circulation

The impetus for the movement of water in the contour with forced circulation is a circulation pump. The circuits can also be open (with an open-type expansion tank) and closed (with a membrane tank and a safety group).

The circulation pump is usually installed in the place where the water temperature has the lowest value - at its inlet to the boiler, and is mounted on the same site. The choice of the pump is carried out on the basis of the heating calculation, which shows the required flow rate of the heating agent, and the characteristics of the boiler. The regulation of the heating agent flow is carried out on the basis of the return water temperature according to the pulse from the sensor installed at the boiler inlet.

1. Boiler. 2. Security group. 3. Expansion tank. 4. Circulation pump. 5. Heating radiators

One- and two-pipe heating system

The one-pipe system is widespread in apartment buildings old buildings. The water temperature from radiator to radiator constantly decreases, which leads to uneven heat supply to individual rooms. In a two-pipe system, the coolant is distributed evenly over all radiators, and the loss of temperature enters the second pipe - the "return". Thus, the two-pipe system provides the house with heat more evenly.

1. One-pipe wiring diagram. 2. Two-pipe wiring diagram

Collector wiring diagram of the heating system

With a large number of heating radiators located on different floors, or when connecting a "warm floor", the best wiring diagram is collector. At least two collectors are installed in the boiler circuit: at the water supply - distributing, and at the "return" - collecting. The collector is a piece of pipe into which bends with valves are cut in order to be able to regulate individual groups.

Collector group

An example of connecting a heating circuit and a "warm floor" system using a collector group

The collector wiring is also called radial, since the pipes with rays can diverge in different directions throughout the house. Such a scheme in modern houses one of the most common and considered practical.

Primary-secondary rings

For boilers with a capacity of 50 kW or more, or a group of boilers that are designed for heating and hot water supply of large houses, the scheme of primary-secondary rings is used. The primary ring is made up of boilers - heat generators, the secondary rings - heat consumers. Moreover, consumers can be installed on the direct branch and be high-temperature, or on the reverse - and called low-temperature.

In order to avoid hydraulic imbalances in the system and to separate the circuits, a hydraulic separator (arrow) is installed between the primary and secondary circulation rings. It also protects the boiler heat exchanger from hydraulic shocks.

If the house is large, then a collector (comb) is arranged after the separator. For the system to work, you need to calculate the diameter of the arrow. The choice of the diameter is carried out on the basis of the maximum productivity (flow) of water and the flow rate (not higher than 0.2 m / s) or as a derivative of the boiler power, taking into account the temperature gradient (the recommended value of Δt is 10 ° C).

Calculation formulas:

  • G - maximum flow rate, m 3 / h;
  • w - water velocity through the cross section of the arrow, m / s.

  • Р - boiler power, kW;
  • w is the speed of water through the cross section of the arrow, m / s;
  • Δt - temperature gradient, ° С.

Emergency circuits

In forced circulation systems, the pumps depend on the power supply, which can be cut off. To prevent overheating of the boiler, which can damage the equipment or even lead to depressurization, the boilers are supplied with emergency systems.

First option. An uninterruptible power supply or generator that will power the circulation pumps. In terms of efficiency, this method is one of the most optimal.

Second option. A small backup ring is being set up, working according to the gravitational principle. When the circulation pump is turned off, a natural circulation circuit is included in the system, providing heat transfer from the coolant. The additional circuit cannot provide adequate heating.

The third option. During construction, two full-fledged circuits are laid, one works according to the gravitational principle, the second with the help of pumps. Systems should be able to exchange heat and mass for an emergency period.

Fourth way. If the water supply is centralized, then when the pumps are turned off, cold water is supplied to the heating circuits through special pipe with a shut-off valve (jumper between water supply and heating systems).

In conclusion, we suggest watching a video on the rules for calculating a one-pipe heating system for a private house.

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