Summary: Coin and Balloon Experience. Entertaining physics for children. Fascinating physics. Experiments in physics with your own hands. Entertaining experiments in physics.

This experiment is a wonderful example of the action of centrifugal and centripetal forces.

To conduct the experiment, you will need:

Balloon (better than a pale color, so that when inflated it shines through as best as possible) - coin - threads

Work plan:

1. Slide a coin into the ball.

2. Inflate the balloon.

3. Tie it up with string.

4. Take the ball with one hand by the end of the thread. Make a few rotational movements with your hand.

5. After a while, the coin will begin to rotate in a circle inside the ball.

6. Now, with the other hand, fix the ball at the bottom in a stationary position.

7. The coin will continue to spin for another 30 seconds or more.

Explanation of experience:

When an object rotates, a force called centrifugal is generated. Did you ride the merry-go-round? Feel the force pushing you outward from the axis of rotation. This is centrifugal force. When you rotate the ball, centrifugal force acts on the coin and pushes it against the inner surface of the ball. At the same time, the ball itself acts on it, creating a centripetal force. The interaction of these two forces makes the coin spin in a circle.

MOU "Secondary School No. 2", settlement Babynino

Babyninsky district, Kaluga region

X research conference

"Gifted children are the future of Russia"

DIY Physics Project

Prepared by the students

7 "B" class Larkova Victoria

7 "B" class Maria Kalinicheva

Head Kochanova E.V.

Babynino village, 2018

Table of contents

Introduction page 3

Theoretical part p. 5

experimental part

Fountain model page 6

Communicating vessels page 9

Conclusion p. 11

References p. 13

Introduction

This academic year we plunged into the world of a very complex, but interesting science, necessary for every person. Physics fascinated us from the first lessons, we wanted to learn more and more new things. Physics is not only physical quantities, formulas, laws, but also experiments. Physical experiments can be done with anything: pencils, glasses, coins, plastic bottles.

Physics is an experimental science, therefore, making instruments with your own hands contributes to a better assimilation of laws and phenomena. Many different questions arise when studying each topic. The teacher, of course, can answer them, but how interesting and exciting it is to get the answers yourself, especially using hand-made devices.

Relevance: The manufacture of devices not only contributes to an increase in the level of knowledge, but is one of the ways to enhance the cognitive and project activities of students in the study of physics in basic school. On the other hand, such work serves as a good example of socially useful work: well-made home-made devices can significantly replenish the equipment of a school office. It is possible and necessary to make devices on site on your own. Home-made devices have another value: their manufacture, on the one hand, develops practical skills and abilities in the teacher and students, and on the other hand, it testifies to creative work.Target: Make a device, a physics installation for demonstrating physical experiments with your own hands, explain its principle of operation, demonstrate the operation of the device.
Tasks:

1. Study scientific and popular literature.

2. Learn to apply scientific knowledge to explain physical phenomena.

3. Make appliances at home and demonstrate how they work.

4. Replenishment of the physics room with homemade devices made from scrap materials.

Hypothesis: The made device, the physics installation for demonstrating physical phenomena with your own hands, apply in the lesson.

Project product: hand-made devices, demonstration of experiments.

Project result: the interest of students, the formation of an idea in them that physics as a science is not divorced from real life, the development of motivation for teaching physics.

Research methods: analysis, observation, experiment.

The work was carried out according to the following scheme:

Study of information from various sources on this issue.

The choice of research methods and practical mastery of them.

Collecting your own material - collecting materials at hand, conducting experiments.

Analysis and formulation of conclusions.

I ... Main part

Physics is the science of nature. She studies the phenomena that occur in space, and in the bowels of the earth, and on earth, and in the atmosphere - in a word, everywhere. Such phenomena are called physical phenomena. Observing an unfamiliar phenomenon, physicists try to understand how and why it happens. If, for example, a phenomenon occurs quickly or rarely occurs in nature, physicists strive to see it as many times as necessary in order to identify the conditions under which it occurs and to establish the corresponding laws. If possible, scientists reproduce the phenomenon under study in a specially equipped room - a laboratory. They try not only to consider the phenomenon, but also to make measurements. All this scientists - physicists call experience or experiment.

We got fired up with the idea - to make appliances with our own hands. Carrying out their scientific fun at home, we developed the main actions that allow you to successfully conduct the experiment:

Home experiments must meet the following requirements:

Security during carrying out;

Minimum material costs;

Ease of implementation;

Value in learning and understanding physics.

We have carried out several experiments on various topics of the 7th grade physics course. Let's present some of them, interesting and at the same time easy to perform.

Experimental part.

Fountain model

Target: Show simplest model fountain

Equipment:

Large plastic bottle - 5 liters, small plastic bottle - 0.6 liters, cocktail tube, piece of plastic.

The course of the experiment

Bend the tube at the base with the letter G.

We will fix it with a small piece of plastic.

Cut a small hole in a three-liter bottle.

In a small bottle, cut off the bottom.

Let's fix a small bottle to a large one with a lid, as shown in the photo.

Insert the tube into the cap of a small bottle. We will fix it with plasticine.

Cut a hole in the cap of the large bottle.

Pour water into a bottle.

Let's watch the stream of water.

Result : we observe the formation of a water fountain.

Output: The pressure of the liquid column in the bottle acts on the water in the tube. The more water in the bottle, the larger the fountain will be, since the pressure depends on the height of the liquid column.

Communicating vessels

Equipment: tops from plastic bottles of different sections, rubber tube.

Cut off the tops of plastic bottles, 15-20cm high.

We connect the parts together with a rubber tube.

Experiment # 1

Target : show the location of the surface of a homogeneous liquid in communicating vessels.

1.Pour water into one of the resulting vessels.

2. We see that the water in the vessels turned out to be at the same level.

Output: in communicating vessels of any shape, the surfaces of a homogeneous liquid are set at the same level (provided that the air pressure above the liquid is the same).

Experiment # 2

1. Let's observe the behavior of the water surface in vessels filled with different liquids. Pour in the same amount of water and detergent into communicating vessels.

2. We see that the liquids in the vessels turned out to be at different levels.

Output : in communicating vessels, heterogeneous liquids are set at different levels.

Conclusion

It is interesting to watch the teacher's experience. It is doubly interesting to spend it most interestingly.The experiment carried out with a hand-made device arouses great interest among the whole class. Such experiences help to better understand the material, establish relationships and draw the right conclusions.

Among the seventh grade students, we conducted a survey and found out whether physics lessons with experiments are more interesting, our classmates would like to make a device with their own hands. The results are as follows:

Most students find physics lessons become more interesting with experimentation.

More than half of the surveyed classmates would like to make devices for physics lessons.

We liked making homemade devices, conducting experiments. There are so many interesting things in the world of physics, so in the future we will:

Continue to study this interesting science;

Conduct new experiments.

Bibliography

1. L. Galperstein "Amusing Physics", Moscow, "Children's Literature", 1993.

High school physics teaching equipment. Edited by A.A. Pokrovsky "Enlightenment", 2014

2. Physics textbook AV Peryshkina, EM Gutnik "Physics" for grade 7; 2016 year

3. ME AND. Perelman "Entertaining tasks and experiences", Moscow, "Children's literature", 2015.

4. Physics: Reference materials: O.F. Kabardin Textbook for students. - 3rd ed. - M.: Education, 2014

5.//class-fizika.spb.ru/index.php/opit/659-op-davsif

Burdenkov Semyon And Burdenkov Yuri

Making a device with your own hands is not only a creative process that encourages you to show your ingenuity and ingenuity. In addition, in the manufacturing process, and even more so when demonstrating it in front of a class or the entire school, the manufacturer gets a lot of positive emotions. The use of homemade devices in the lesson develops a sense of responsibility and pride in the work performed, proves its significance.

Download:

Preview:

Municipal government educational institution

Kukuy basic secondary school №25

Project

Do-it-yourself physical device

Completed: student of grade 8

MKOU OOSH # 25

Burdenkov Yu.

Head: G. Davydova,

Physics teacher.

1. Introduction.
2. Main part.

1. Appointment of the device;
2. tools and materials;
3. Manufacturing of the device;
4. General view of the device;

1. Conclusion.
2. Bibliography.

1. Introduction.

In order to provide the necessary experience, you need to have instruments and measuring instruments. And don't think that all appliances are made in factories. In many cases, research facilities are built by the researchers themselves. At the same time, it is believed that the more talented is the researcher who can deliver experience and get good results not only on complex, but also on simpler devices. It is reasonable to use sophisticated equipment only in cases when it is impossible to do without it. So do not neglect home-made devices - it is much more useful to make them yourself than to use purchased ones.

GOAL:

Make a device, a physics installation for demonstrating physical phenomena with your own hands.

Explain how this device works. Demonstrate the operation of this device.

TASKS:

Make appliances of great interest to students.

Make devices missing from the laboratory.

Make devices that make it difficult to understand theoretical material in physics.

HYPOTHESIS:

The made device, the physics installation for demonstrating physical phenomena with your own hands, apply in the lesson.

In the absence of this device in the physical laboratory, this device will be able to replace the missing installation when demonstrating and explaining the topic.

1. Main part.

1. Appointment of the device.

The device is designed to observe the expansion of air and liquid when heated.

1. Tools and materials.

Ordinary bottle, rubber stopper, glass tube, the outer diameter of which is 5-6 mm. Drill.

1. Manufacturing of the device.

Make a hole in the plug with a drill so that the tube fits snugly into it. Next, pour tinted water into the bottle to make it easier to observe. We put a scale on the neck. Then insert the cork into the bottle so that the tube in the bottle is below the water level. The device is ready for the experiment!

1. General view of the device.

1. Features of the demonstration of the device.

To demonstrate the device, grasp the neck of the bottle with your hand and wait for a while. We will see that the water begins to rise up the tube. This happens because the hand heats up the air in the bottle. From heating, the air expands, presses on the water and displaces it. The experiment can be done with different amounts of water, and you will find that the level of rise will be different. If the bottle is completely filled with water, then you can already observe the expansion of the water when heated. To make sure of this, you need to lower the bottle into a vessel with hot water.

1. Conclusion.

It is interesting to watch the teacher's experience. It is doubly interesting to spend it most interestingly.

And to conduct an experiment with a device made and designed by one's own hands is of great interest to the whole class. In such experiments, it is easy to establish a relationship and conclude how the given setup works.

1. Literature.

1. High school physics teaching equipment. Edited by A.A. Pokrovsky "Enlightenment" 1973

The text of the work is placed without images and formulas.
The full version of the work is available in the "Work files" tab in PDF format

annotation

In this academic year, I began to study this very interesting science necessary for every person. From the very first lesson, physics fascinated me, lit a fire in me of a desire to learn new things and get to the bottom of the truth, drew me into thought, led me to interesting ideas ...

Physics is not only scientific books and complex instruments, not only huge laboratories. Physics is also tricks shown in a circle of friends, these are funny stories and funny homemade toys. Physical experiments can be done with a ladle, glass, potato, pencil balls, glasses, pencils, plastic bottles, coins, needles, etc. Nails and straws, matches and cans, cardboard scraps and even water droplets - everything will go into action! (3)

Relevance: physics is an experimental science and the creation of devices with their own hands contributes to a better assimilation of laws and phenomena.

Many different questions arise when studying each topic. Many can be answered by the teacher, but how wonderful it is to get the answers through your own independent research!

Target: make devices in physics to demonstrate some physical phenomena with your own hands, explain the principle of operation of each device and demonstrate their work.

Tasks:

Study scientific and popular literature.

Learn to apply scientific knowledge to explain physical phenomena.

Make appliances of great interest to students.

Replenishment of the physics room with homemade devices made from scrap materials.

To consider in more depth the question of the practical use of the laws of physics.

Project product: hand-made devices, videos of physical experiments.

Project result: the interest of students, the formation of an idea in them that physics as a science is not divorced from real life, the development of motivation for teaching physics.

Research methods: analysis, observation, experiment.

The work was carried out according to the following scheme:

Formulation of the problem.

Study of information from various sources on this issue.

The choice of research methods and practical mastery of them.

Collecting your own material - collecting materials at hand, conducting experiments.

Analysis and generalization.

Formulation of conclusions.

In the course of the work, the following physical research methods:

I. Physical experience

The experiment consisted of the following stages:

Clarification of the conditions of the experiment.

This stage provides for acquaintance with the conditions of the experiment, determination of the list of necessary tools and materials at hand, and safe conditions during the experiment.

Drawing up a sequence of actions.

At this stage, the procedure for conducting the experiment was outlined, if necessary, new materials were added.

Experiment.

Simulation is the foundation of any physical research. During the experiments, we simulated the device of the fountain, reproduced ancient experiments: "Vase Tantala", "Cartesian diver", created physical toys and devices for demonstrating physical laws and phenomena.

In total, we have modeled, conducted and scientifically explained 12 entertaining physical experiments.

MAIN PART.

Physics translated from Greek is the science of nature. Physics studies phenomena that occur in space, and in the bowels of the earth, and on earth, and in the atmosphere - in a word, everywhere. Such common phenomena are called physical phenomena.

Observing an unfamiliar phenomenon, physicists try to understand how and why it happens. If, for example, a phenomenon occurs quickly or rarely occurs in nature, physicists strive to see it as many times as necessary in order to identify the conditions under which it occurs and to establish the corresponding laws. If possible, scientists reproduce the phenomenon under study in a specially equipped room - a laboratory. They try not only to consider the phenomenon, but also to make measurements. All this scientists - physicists call experience or experiment.

Observation does not end, but only begins the study of the phenomenon. The facts obtained in the course of observation must be explained using already existing knowledge. This is the stage of theoretical comprehension.

In order to make sure that the explanation found is correct, scientists are testing it experimentally. (6)

Thus, the study of a physical phenomenon usually goes through the following stages:

1. Observation

   Experiment

   Theoretical justification

   Practical use

Carrying out my scientific fun at home, I developed the basic actions that allow you to successfully conduct an experiment:

For home experimental assignments, I put forward the following requirements:

safety during carrying out;

minimum material costs;

ease of implementation;

value in learning and understanding physics.

I have carried out many experiments on various topics of the 7th grade physics course. I will present some of them, in my opinion, the most interesting and at the same time easy to perform.

2.2 Experiments and devices on the topic "Mechanical phenomena"

Experience number 1. « Coil - creep»

Materials: a wooden spool of thread, a nail (or a wooden skewer), soap, an elastic band.

Sequencing

Is friction harmful or beneficial?

To better understand this, make a crawling reel toy. This is the simplest rubber motor toy.

Take an ordinary old spool of thread and serrate the edges of both of its cheeks with a penknife. Fold a strip of rubber 70-80 mm in length in half and push it into the hole of the coil. In the loop of the elastic band, which looks out from one end, we put a piece of a match 15 mm long.

Attach a soap washer to the other cheek of the coil. Cut a circle out of a hard, dry remnant about 3 mm thick. The diameter of the circle is about 15 mm, the diameter of the hole in it is 3 mm. Put a brand new, shiny steel nail 50-60 mm long on the soap washer and tie the ends of the rubber band with a reliable knot over this nail. Turning the nail, we wind up the creeping coil until a piece of a match begins to scroll on the other side.

Put the coil on the floor. The rubber band, unwinding, will carry the coil, and the end of the nail will slide along the floor! No matter how simple this toy is, I knew guys who made several of these "crawlers" at once and arranged whole "tank battles". The reel won, crushing another under itself, or knocking it over, or throwing it off the table. The “vanquished” were removed from the “battlefield”. Having played enough with the creeping coil, remember that this is not just a toy, but a scientific device.

Scientific explanation

Where does friction occur here? Let's start with a broken match. When we start the gum, it stretches and more and more presses the piece to the cheek of the coil. There is friction between the debris and the cheek. If this friction did not exist, the match piece would spin completely freely and the crawling coil would not even be able to turn even one turn! And to make it start even better, we make a hollow in the cheek for a match. Hence, friction is useful here. It helps the work of the mechanism we have made.

And with the other cheek of the coil, the situation is quite the opposite. Here the nail should rotate as easily as possible, as freely as possible. The easier it slides on the cheek, the further the creeper will go. This means that friction is harmful here. It interferes with the operation of the mechanism. It needs to be reduced. That is why a soap washer is placed between the cheek and the nail. It reduces friction and acts as a lubricant.

Now let's look at the edges of the cheeks. These are the "wheels" of our toy, we will serrate them with a knife. For what? Yes, so that they better adhere to the floor, so that they create friction, do not "slip", as drivers and drivers say. Friction is useful here!

Yes, they have such a word. Indeed, in rain or ice, the wheels of the locomotive skid, spin on the rails, it cannot take a heavy train from its place. The driver has to turn on a device that pours sand on the rails. For what? Yes, in order to increase friction. And when braking in ice, sand also falls on the rails. Otherwise, you will not stop! And when driving on a slippery road, special chains are put on the wheels of the car. They also increase friction: they improve the grip of the wheels.

Remember: friction stops the car when all the gasoline runs out. But if there was no friction between the wheels and the road, the car would not be able to move even with a full tank of gasoline. Its wheels would turn, skid like on ice!

Finally, the creeper coil has friction in one more place. This is the friction of the end of the nail against the floor, along which it crawls after the coil. This friction is harmful. It gets in the way, it hinders the movement of the coil. But it’s hard to do anything. Maybe sand the end of the nail with a fine sandpaper. As simple as our toy is, it helped to figure it out.

Where parts of the mechanism have to move, friction is harmful and must be reduced, and where parts must not move, where good grip is needed, friction is useful and must be increased.

And friction is also needed in the brakes. The creeper does not have them, it barely crawls anyway. And all real wheeled cars have brakes: it would be too dangerous to drive without brakes. (9)

Experience number 2.« Wheel on the slide»

Materials: cardboard or thick paper, plasticine, paints (to paint the wheel)

Sequencing

Rarely do you see a wheel rolling up by itself. But we will try to make such a miracle. Glue the wheel out of cardboard or thick paper. On the inside we stick a hefty piece of plasticine somewhere in one place.

Ready? Now we put the wheel on an inclined plane (slide) so that a piece of plasticine is at the top and slightly on the side of the rise. If you now release the wheel, then due to the additional weight it will calmly roll up! (2)

Indeed, it is rolling upward. And then it stops altogether on the slope. Why? Remember the Vantka-vstanka toy. When Vanka is deflected, trying to put him down, the center of gravity of the toy rises. This is how it is done. So he strives for a position in which his center of gravity is located below everything, and ... gets up. It looks paradoxical for us.

It's the same with a wheel on a slide.

Scientific explanation

When we stick plasticine, we shift the center of gravity of the object so that it quickly returns to a state of equilibrium (minimum potential energy, the lowest position of the center of gravity) rolling up. And then, when this state is reached, he stops altogether.

In both cases, there is a sinker inside the volume of low density (we have plasticine), as a result of which the toy tends to occupy a position strictly defined by the design, due to the shift of the center of gravity.

Everything in the world strives for a state of balance. (2)

1. Experiments and devices on the topic "Hydrostatics"

Experience No. 1 "Carthusian diver"

Materials: bottle, pipette (or matches weighted with wire), diver figurine (or any other)

Sequencing

This entertaining experience is about three hundred years old. He is attributed to the French scientist Rene Descartes (in Latin his surname is Cartesius). The experiment was so popular that a toy was created on its basis, which was called the "Carthusian diver". The device was a glass cylinder filled with water, in which a figure of a man was floating vertically. The figurine was at the top of the vessel. When pressed on the rubber film covering the top of the cylinder, the figure slowly sank down to the bottom. When they stopped pressing, the figure went up. (8)

Let's do this experiment in a simpler way: a pipette will play the role of a diver, and an ordinary bottle will serve as a vessel. Fill the bottle with water, leaving two to three millimeters to the edge. Take a pipette, put some water in it and put it in the neck of the bottle. It should be at or slightly above the level of the water in the bottle with its upper rubber end. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the pipette plunges from a light push with a finger, and then floats itself up again. Now, putting your thumb or the soft part of your hand on the neck of the bottle so as to close its opening, press on the layer of air that is above the water. The pipette will go to the bottom of the bottle. Loosen the pressure of your finger or palm - it will float up again. We squeezed the air in the neck of the bottle a little, and this pressure was transferred to the water. (9)

If at the beginning of the experiment the "diver" does not obey you, then it is necessary to adjust the initial amount of water in the pipette.

Scientific explanation

When the pipette is at the bottom of the bottle, it is easy to see how water enters the pipette from the increased pressure on the air in the neck of the bottle, and when the pressure is released, it leaves it.

This device can be improved by pulling a piece of bicycle tube or film from a balloon over the neck of the bottle. Then it will be easier to control our "diver". Together with the pipette, match divers also swam. Their behavior is easily explained by Pascal's laws. (4)

Experience number 2. Siphon - "Vase of Tantalus"

Materials: rubber tube, transparent vase, container (into which water will go),

Sequencing

At the end of the last century, there was a toy called "Vase Tantala". She, like the famous "Carthusian diver", enjoyed great success with the public. This toy was also based on a physical phenomenon - on the action of a siphon, a tube from which water flows out even when its curved part is above the water level. It is only important that the tube is first filled with water.

When making this toy, you will have to use your sculptor skills.

But where does such a strange name - "Tantalus Vase" come from? There is a Greek myth about the Lydian king Tantalus, who was condemned by Zeus to eternal torment. He had to suffer from hunger and thirst all the time: standing in the water, he could not get drunk. The water teased him, rising to the very mouth, but as soon as Tantalus leaned a little towards her, she instantly disappeared. After a while, the water appeared again, disappeared again, and this went on all the time. The same thing happened with the fruits of the trees, with which he could satisfy his hunger. The branches instantly moved away from his hands, as soon as he wanted to pick the fruit.

So, on the episode with water, with its periodic appearance and disappearance, the toy that we can make is based. Take the plastic container from under the cake packaging and drill a small hole in the bottom. If you do not have such a vessel, then you will have to take a liter jar and very carefully drill a hole in its bottom with a drill. With the help of round files, the hole in the glass can be gradually enlarged to the desired size.

Before sculpting a Tantalus figurine, make a water outlet. A rubber tube is tightly inserted into the hole in the bottom of the vessel. Inside the vessel, the tube is bent in a loop, its end reaches the very bottom, but does not rest against the bottom. The top of the loop should be at the chest level of the future Tantalus figurine. After making notes on the tube, remove it from the vessel for ease of use. Stick the loop with plasticine and shape it into a rock. And in front of it, place a figurine of Tantalus sculpted from plasticine. It is necessary that Tantalus stood at full height with his head tilted to the future water level and with his mouth open. Nobody knows what the mythical Tantalus was, so do not skimp on imagination, even if it looks even caricatured for you. But in order for the figurine to stand steadily at the bottom of the vessel, mold it in a wide, long robe. The end of the tube, which will be in the vessel, let it peep out imperceptibly from the plasticine rock near the bottom.

When everything is ready, place the vessel on a board with a tube hole, and place a vessel under the tube to drain the water. Drape these devices so that you cannot see where the water disappears. When pouring water into the tantalum jar, adjust the jet to be thinner than the jet that will flow out. (4)

Scientific explanation

We got an automatic siphon. The water gradually fills the jar. The rubber tube is also filled up to the very top of the loop. When the tube is full, water will begin to flow out and will continue to flow until its level is below the tube outlet at Tantalus's feet.

The outflow stops and the vessel is refilled. When the entire tube is filled with water again, water will start flowing out again. And this will continue as long as a stream of water is poured into the vessel. (9)

Experience number 3.« Water in the sieve»

Materials: bottle with lid, needle (to make holes in the bottle)

Sequencing

When the stopper is not open, the atmosphere squeezes water out of the bottle, which has tiny holes in it. But if you screw the plug, only the air pressure in the bottle acts on the water, but its pressure is small and the water does not pour out! (nine)

Scientific explanation

This is one of the experiments demonstrating Atmosphere pressure.

Experience number 4.« The simplest fountain»

Materials: glass tube, rubber tube, container.

Sequencing

In order to build a fountain, take plastic bottle with the bottom cut off or glass from a kerosene lamp, pick up the cork that covers the narrow end. Let's make a through hole in the cork. It can be drilled, turned with a faceted awl, or burned through with a hot nail. A glass tube, bent in the shape of the letter "U" or a plastic tube should fit tightly into the hole.

We pinch the opening of the tube with our finger, turn the bottle or lamp glass upside down and fill it with water. When you open the exit from the pipe, the water will pour out of it with a fountain. It will run until the water level in the large vessel is equal to the open end of the tube. (3)

Scientific explanation

I made a fountain working on the property of communicating vessels .

Experience number 5.« Swimming bodies»

Materials: plasticine.

Sequencing

I know that a force is at work on bodies that have been loaded into liquid or gas. But not all bodies float in water. So, for example, if a piece of plasticine is thrown into water, it will drown. But if you mold a boat out of it, it will float. This model can be used to study the navigation of ships.

Experience number 6. "A drop of oil"

Materials: alcohol, water, vegetable oil.

Everyone knows that if you drop oil on water, it will spread out in a thin layer. But I put a drop of oil in a weightless state. Knowing the laws of floating bodies, I created conditions under which a drop of oil takes an almost spherical shape and is inside a liquid.

Scientific explanation

Bodies float in a liquid if their density is less than that of the liquid. In the volumetric figure of the ship, the average density is less than the density of water. The density of the oil is less than the density of water, but more than the density of alcohol, so if you carefully pour alcohol into water, the oil sinks in alcohol, but floats at the interface between the liquids. Therefore, I placed a drop of oil in a state of weightlessness, and it takes an almost spherical shape. (6)

1. Experiments and devices on the topic "Thermal phenomena"

Experience number 1. "Convection flows"

Materials: kite, heat source.

Sequencing

There is a cunning snake in the world. She feels the movement of air currents better than people. Now we will check whether the air is really so still in a closed room.

Scientific explanation

The cunning snake really notices what people do not see. She feels when the air rises up. With the help of convection - air flows move: warm air rises up. He turns a cunning snake. Convection currents constantly surround us in nature. In the atmosphere, convection flows are winds, the water cycle in nature. (9)

2.5 Experiments and devices on the topic "Light phenomena"

Experience number 1.« Pinhole camera»

Materials: cylindrical box from Pringles chips, paper thin.

Sequencing

A small camera obscura is easy to make from a tin, or better yet, from a cylindrical box of Pringles chips. A neat hole is pierced with a needle on one side, and on the other, the bottom is sealed with thin translucent paper. The camera obscura is ready.

But it is much more interesting to take real photos with a pinhole camera. Cut a small hole in a black matchbox, seal it with foil and pierce a tiny hole no more than 0.5 mm in diameter with a needle.

Pass the film through the matchbox, sealing all the slots so as not to light up the frames. The "lens", that is, the hole in the foil, needs to be covered with something or tightly covered, imitating the shutter. (09)

Scientific explanation

The obscura camera operates on the laws of geometric optics.

2.6 Experiments and devices on the topic "Electrical phenomena"

Experience number 1.« Electric cowboy»

Materials: plasticine (to sculpt the head of a coward), ebony shelves

Sequencing

Sculpt a head from plasticine with the most frightened face you can, and put this head on a fountain pen (of course, closed). Fix the handle in some kind of support. Make a hat from a tinfoil wrapper from processed cheese, tea, chocolate and glue it to the plasticine head. Cut the "hair" from tissue paper into strips 2-3 mm wide and 10 centimeters long and glue to the cap. These papery hairs will hang in a mess.

Now electrify your wand well and bring it to your panties. He is terribly afraid of electricity; the hair on his head began to stir, Touch the staniole cap with your wand. Even run the sticks sideways over the free area of ​​the stoniol. The horror of the electric panties will reach its limit: his hair will stand on end! Scientific explanation

Experiments with a coward have shown that electricity can not only attract, but also repel. There are two types of electricity "+" and "-". What is the difference between positive and negative electricity? Charges of the same name are repelled, and unlike charges are attracted. (5)

CONCLUSION

All the phenomena observed during entertaining experiments have a scientific explanation, for this we used the fundamental laws of physics and the properties of the matter around us - the laws of hydrostatics and mechanics, the law of straightness of light propagation, reflection, electromagnetic interactions.

In accordance with the task, all experiments were carried out using only cheap, small-sized materials at hand, home-made devices were made during them, including a device for demonstrating electrification, experiments are safe, visual, simple in design

Output:

Analyzing the results of entertaining experiments, I became convinced that school knowledge is quite applicable to solving practical issues.

I have carried out various experiments. As a result of observation, comparison, calculations, measurements, experiments, I observed the following phenomena and laws:

Natural and forced convection, Archimedes force, floating bodies, inertia, stable and unstable equilibrium, Pascal's law, atmospheric pressure, communicating vessels, hydrostatic pressure, friction, electrification, light phenomena.

I liked making homemade devices, conducting experiments. But there are many interesting things in the world that can still be learned, so in the future:

I will continue to study this interesting science;

I hope that my classmates will be interested in this problem, and I will try to help them;

In the future, I will conduct new experiments.

It is interesting to watch the teacher's experience. It is doubly interesting to spend it most interestingly. And to conduct an experiment with a device made and designed by one's own hands is of great interest to the whole class. In such experiments, it is easy to establish a relationship and conclude how the given setup works.

List of studied literature and Internet resources

M.I. Bludov "Conversations on Physics", Moscow, 1974.

A. Dmitriev "Grandfather's Chest", Moscow, "Divo", 1994

L. Halperstein "Hello, Physics", Moscow, 1967.

L. Halperstein "Amusing Physics", Moscow, "Children's Literature", 1993.

F.V. Rabiza "Amusing Physics", Moscow, "Children's Literature", 2000.

ME AND. Perelman "Entertaining tasks and experiences", Moscow, "Children's literature" 1972.

A. Tomilin "I want to know everything", Moscow, 1981.

Magazine "Young Technician"

//class-fizika.spb.ru/index.php/opit/659-op-davsif

In school physics lessons, teachers always say that physical phenomena are everywhere in our lives. Only we often forget about it. Meanwhile, the amazing is near! Do not think that you need something supernatural to organize physical experiences at home. And here is some evidence for you;)

Magnetic pencil

What needs to be prepared?

• The battery.
• Thick pencil.
• Copper insulated wire 0.2–0.3 mm in diameter and several meters long (the more the better).
• Scotch.

Experiment

Wind the wire close to the turn on the pencil, not reaching its edges by 1 cm. One row is over - wind the other from above in the opposite direction. And so, until all the wire runs out. Do not forget to leave free two ends of the wire, each 8-10 cm. To prevent the coils from unwinding after winding, secure them with tape. Strip the loose ends of the wire and connect them to the battery contacts.

What happened?

It turned out to be a magnet! Try to bring small iron objects to it - a paper clip, a hairpin. Are attracted!

Lord of water

What needs to be prepared?

• A plexiglass stick (for example, a student's ruler or an ordinary plastic comb).
• Dry cloth made of silk or wool (for example, woolen sweater).

Experiment

Open the tap for a thin stream of water to flow. Rub your wand or hairbrush firmly on the prepared cloth. Move the stick quickly to the stream of water without touching it.

What's going to happen?

The stream of water will bend in an arc, being attracted to the stick. Try the same thing with two sticks and see what happens.

Spinning top

What needs to be prepared?

• Paper, needle and eraser.
• A stick and dry woolen cloth from previous experience.

Experiment

You can control not only water! Cut a strip of paper 1–2 cm wide and 10–15 cm long, and bend around the edges and in the middle as shown. Stick the sharp end of the needle into the eraser. Balance the top on the needle. Prepare the "magic wand", rub it on a dry cloth and bring it to one of the ends of the paper strip from the side or top, without touching it.

What's going to happen?

The strip will swing up and down like a swing, or it will spin like a carousel. And if you can cut a butterfly out of thin paper, then the experience will be even more interesting.

Ice and flames

(the experiment is carried out on a sunny day)

What needs to be prepared?

• A small round bottom cup.
• A piece of dry paper.

Experiment

Pour water into a cup and place in the freezer. When the water turns to ice, remove the cup and place it in a container of hot water. After a while, the ice will separate from the cup. Now go out to the balcony, put a piece of paper on the stone floor of the balcony. Use a piece of ice to focus the sun on the piece of paper.

What's going to happen?

The paper should be charred, because there is more than just ice in your hands ... You guessed that you made a magnifying glass?

Wrong mirror

What needs to be prepared?

• A transparent jar with a tight-fitting lid.
• Mirror.

Experiment

Pour excess water into the jar and close the lid to prevent air bubbles from getting inside. Place the jar upside down to the mirror. Now you can look in the "mirror".

Zoom in on your face and look inside. There will be a thumbnail image. Now start tilting the can to the side without taking it away from the mirror.

What's going to happen?

The reflection of your head in the can, of course, will also tilt until it is turned upside down, while the legs will not be visible. Pick up the can and the reflection flips over again.

Bubble cocktail

What needs to be prepared?

• A glass with a strong solution of sodium chloride.
• Flashlight battery.
• Two pieces of copper wire approximately 10 cm long.
• Fine sandpaper.

Experiment

Sand the ends of the wire with a fine emery cloth. Connect one end of the wires to each pole of the battery. Dip the free ends of the wires into a glass with a solution.

What happened?

Bubbles will rise near the lowered ends of the wire.

Lemon battery

What needs to be prepared?

• Lemon, thoroughly washed and wiped dry.
• Two pieces of insulated copper wire, approximately 0.2–0.5 mm thick and 10 cm long.
• A steel paper clip.
• A light bulb from a pocket flashlight.

Experiment

Strip the opposite ends of both wires at a distance of 2-3 cm. Insert a paper clip into the lemon, screw the end of one of the wires to it. Stick the end of the second wire into the lemon 1–1.5 cm from the paper clip. To do this, first pierce the lemon in this place with a needle. Take the two free ends of the wires and attach the light bulb to the contacts.

What's going to happen?

The light will come on!